Depression symptoms are persistent in Type 2 diabetes: risk factors and outcomes of 5‐year depression trajectories using latent class growth analysis

Whitworth, Stephanie; Bruce, David; Starkstein, Sergio E.; Davis, Wendy A.; Davis, Timothy; Skinner, Timothy; Bucks, Romola S.

doi:10.1111/dme.13372

Cited by 26 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In addition, the present study participants reported remote depression histories at follow-up and recall bias is also known to lead to underestimates of lifetime depression history [26]. The present results are consistent with studies demonstrating that depression in Type 2 diabetes is prone to become chronic or recurrent [27], with depressive symptoms remaining persistently elevated for up to 5 years [28]. We conducted sub-analyses based on the presence or absence of baseline depressive symptoms in order to investigate whether there were additional risk factors for study participants with depression at both times.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Clinical risk factors for depressive syndrome in Type 2 diabetes: the Fremantle Diabetes Study

et al. 2018

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Clinical risk factors for depressive syndrome in Type 2 diabetes: the Fremantle Diabetes Study

et al. 2018

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“…The prevalence of depression in patients with diabetes has been widely reported (Katon, 2008). Rates of depression are significantly enhanced in diabetic patients: near 20-30% of diabetes patients suffered from clinically relevant depressive disorders (Fiore et al, 2015), and the risk of depression remains elevated over time in some type 2 diabetes patients (Whitworth et al, 2017). The metabolic dysfunction of obesity contributes to the development of depression (Carmo-Silva and Cavadas, 2017), and the interaction between depressive symptoms and metabolic dysfunction may be a risk factor for type 2 diabetes (Schmitz et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preventive and Therapeutic Effects of Astaxanthin on Depressive-Like Behaviors in High-Fat Diet and Streptozotocin-Treated Rats

et al. 2020

Front. Pharmacol.

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The comorbidity of diabetes and depression has a negative impact on both lifestyle and quality of life. Astaxanthin (AST) has been demonstrated to improve glucose metabolism and has antidepressant-like effects, but it is not clear whether AST has potential for preventing depression in diabetes. The aim of this study is to observe the preventive and therapeutic effects of AST on glucose metabolism or depressive-like behaviors in a diabetic rat model produced by feeding with a high-fat diet for 10 weeks followed by injection of 25 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ). Preventive treatment with AST at doses of 7.5, 15, and 25 mg/kg/day was given by intragastric gavage 4 weeks before STZ injection. Preventive plus therapeutic treatment also involved therapeutic AST treatments for 6 more weeks after STZ injection, whereas therapeutic-only treatment involved only the 6-week post-STZ treatment. Depressive-like behaviors were evaluated at the end of the treatment by using open field, locomotor activity, elevated plus maze, and forced swimming tests. Preventive and therapeutic treatment with AST both reduced the level of fasting glucose, improved glucose tolerance, and decreased total TCh and TG in diabetic rats. Preventive or preventative plus therapeutic treatment with AST decreased the immobility time and increased the time spent in the open arms of an elevated plus maze and locomotor activity in diabetic rats. However, therapeutic treatment with AST alone failed to affect the depressive-like behaviors. Preventive or preventative plus therapeutic treatment with AST at doses of 15 or 25 mg/kg significantly increased the expression of pERK, pAKT, pCREB, and BDNF in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in diabetic rats. In contrast, therapeutic treatment with 25 mg/kg AST alone increased the expression of pERK in the PFC. This study indicates that AST may be used as a preventive or therapeutic approach for comorbidity of diabetes and depression.

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“…There was a high prevalence in social phobia, panic disorders or agoraphobia, psychological distress, OCD and GAD in type 1 patients with diabetes compared with type 2 [14][15][16]21,31,32]. Type 1 population with diabetes appears since childhood and it possible that increase in glucose and indicated as predictive of high anxiety [18,[23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. Also, they must have frequent self-monitoring and reasonable application of injectable insulin by the glucose level may contribute to this higher prevalence of anxiety present in type 1 patients [30,31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There was a higher correlation in lifetime major depression disorder with current depression symptom (B=3.16, p<0.001). The presence of lifetime GAD was associated with the severe current depression, as well, when patient had high hyperglycaemical (p<0.001) [27].…”

Section: Prospective Observational Studies [6]mentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Results were associated with a lower rate of regression from depressed to normal (HR=0.72, 95% CI=0.59-0.88) and a 2.3 greater rate of progression from depressed to death (HR=2.31, 95% CI=1.57-3.40) [26]. The last prospective study in 2016, Whitworth et al [27] reported the significant correlation of severe psychological symptoms in GAD and Major depressive disorder (MDD) with high hyperglycaemical in type 2 diabetes. The authors showed in 1285 individuals with diabetes type 2 had mild severe depressive symptoms (34.2%) and 15.7% were using antidepressant drugs in the baseline.…”

Section: Prospective Observational Studies [6]mentioning

confidence: 97%

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Mental Disorders in Subjects with Diabetes: A Systematic Review

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et al. 2017

Health Care Current Reviews

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Depression has been a common comorbidity and reduces the quality of life, the poor glycemic control and consequently worsens the diabetes course. The goals of this systematic review are searching of a population who have higher mental disorders in type 1 and 2 patients with diabetes and if there is a direct relationship between glycemic control and psychiatric disorders in this population. A total of 2527 references, review and review articles were excluded, 19 scientific studies were selected: 9 cross-sectional studies, 6 prospective observational studies, 3 retrospective observational studies, and 1 case-control study. Depression and anxiety have a high prevalence in subjects with diabetes. Therefore, the relevance of this study is showing that those mental disorders have a direct correlation in both types of diabetes treatments and decrease the quality of life. Also, the rates of depression could be up to three times higher in patients with type 1diabetes and twice as high in individuals with type 2 diabetes compared with the general population. Patients live in fear of complications from diabetes over the long term and also have damage due to the high psychiatric comorbidity of these chronic patients.

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Depression symptoms are persistent in Type 2 diabetes: risk factors and outcomes of 5‐year depression trajectories using latent class growth analysis

Cited by 26 publications

References 30 publications

Clinical risk factors for depressive syndrome in Type 2 diabetes: the Fremantle Diabetes Study

Clinical risk factors for depressive syndrome in Type 2 diabetes: the Fremantle Diabetes Study

Preventive and Therapeutic Effects of Astaxanthin on Depressive-Like Behaviors in High-Fat Diet and Streptozotocin-Treated Rats

Mental Disorders in Subjects with Diabetes: A Systematic Review

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