A large number of current studies indicate that inflammatory mediators may contribute to depression in experimental models as well as in human beings. Nevertheless, the subject, whether anti-inflammatory treatments can prevent depression still remains controversial. In the present study, a chronic mild stress (CMS) model of male Sprague Dawley rats was used to investigate the role of anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of depression. All the animals in different groups, except the normal control group, were exposed to CMS procedure for 28 days and concurrently treated with aspirin (10 mg/kg, p.o.), dexamethasone (1 mg/kg p.o.) and amitriptyline (10 mg/kg p.o., reference standard), respectively. Amitriptyline was also used in combination with aspirin and dexamethasone to inspect any synergistic effects. Tests performed towards the end of the study included sucrose preference test, behavioural tests like forced swim test, elevated plus-maze, light/dark box, locomotor activity and biochemical estimations like serum cortisol and brain neurotransmitters. Disease control group (CMS-treated) produced significant depressive behaviour in rats. The animals treated with aspirin showed increased sucrose preference, decreased immobility time in forced swim test, decreased serum cortisol and increased brain serotonin levels signifying antidepressant action. In contrast, there was aggravation of depressive behaviour in rats treated with dexamethasone. Together, these findings suggest that aspirin can serve as a potential antidepressant both individually and as adjunctive agent in the treatment of depression. Inhibition of the inflammatory mediators during stress procedures or any other potential physiological and biochemical mechanisms may be involved in its antidepressant effect.Major depression is one of the most commonly diagnosed neuropsychiatric disorders, with a worldwide life-time prevalence of 17%. It is estimated that by 2020, major depression will be the second most disabling condition in the world. Despite considerable strides have been made over the years, treatment-resistant depression (TRD) remains a common condition which accounts for approximately 30% of the depressed population [1,2]. Historically, treatment options for depression and associated disorders have focused on the medications that modify the activity of monoamine neurotransmitter systems [3].Several studies support the role of inflammation and immune system deregulation in pathophysiology of depression [4,5]. Patients with major depression have been found to exhibit all of the vital features of inflammation, including elevation of inflammatory cytokines, acute phase proteins, chemokines, adhesion molecules and inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandins. Repeated administration of IL-1, TNF-a and IL-6 elicits depressive-like behaviour in animals [6][7][8]. The mechanisms contributing to pathogenesis of depression incorporate abnormal neurotransmitter metabolism, altered neuro-endocrine functions and distorted neural plasticity [9,10...