Depressive symptoms account for deficient information processing speed but not for impaired working memory in early phase multiple sclerosis (MS)

Landrø, Nils Inge; Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen; Sletvold, Helge

doi:10.1016/j.jns.2003.10.012

Cited by 99 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Depression is also frequently reported in people with MS and is thought by some to account for their information processing difficulties (Landrø et al, 2004). A screen of visuospatial0 perceptual functioning indicated that these functions were not significantly compromised in the present patient sample.…”

Section: Stroop Performance In Ms 811mentioning

confidence: 49%

Stroop performance in multiple sclerosis: Information processing, selective attention, or executive functioning?

Macniven

Davis

et al. 2008

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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Cognitive impairments in information processing speed, attention and executive functioning are widely reported in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Several studies have identified impaired performance on the Stroop test in people with MS, yet uncertainty remains over the cause of this phenomenon. In this study, 25 patients with MS were assessed with a neuropsychological test battery including a computerized Stroop test and a computerized test of information processing speed, the Graded Conditional Discrimination Tasks (GCDT). The patient group was compared with an individually age, sex and estimated premorbid IQ-matched healthy control group. The patients' reaction times (RTs) were significantly longer than those of the controls on all Stroop test trials and there was a significantly enhanced absolute (RT incongruent -RT neutral ) and relative (100{[RT incongruent -RT neutral ]0RT neutral ) Stroop interference effect for the MS group. The linear function relating RT to stimulus complexity in the GCDT was significantly steeper in the patient group, indicating slowed information processing. The results are discussed with reference to the difference engine model, a theory of diversity in speeded cognition. It is concluded that, in the assessment of people with MS, great caution must be used in the interpretation of performance on neuropsychological tests which rely on RT as the primary measure. (JINS, 2008, 14, 805-814.)

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Section: Stroop Performance In Ms 811mentioning

confidence: 49%

Stroop performance in multiple sclerosis: Information processing, selective attention, or executive functioning?

Macniven

Davis

et al. 2008

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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“…Specifically, Arnett et al reported lower performances in a depressed group of MS patients in comparison to nondepressed MS patients on a planning task [4], and showed the same pattern for a working memory task that is considered executive in nature [3]. Besides, Landro et al [25] reported that depressive symptoms also accounted for slowed information processing speed in MS patients. Impairment in decision making has generally been described in focal frontal lesions [9] but was also found in more diffuse neurological or psychiatric diseases, in which vulnerable widespread networks may be responsible for a decreased decision making efficacy [29,36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Preserved decision making ability in early multiple sclerosis

et al. 2008

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BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to assess decision making in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) at the earliest clinically detectable time point of the disease. METHODS: Patients with definite MS (n = 109) or with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS, n = 56), a disease duration of 3 months to 5 years, and no or only minor neurological impairment (Expanded Disability Status Scale [EDSS] score 0-2.5) were compared to 50 healthy controls using the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). RESULTS: The performance of definite MS, CIS patients, and controls was comparable for the two main outcomes of the IGT (learning index: p = 0.7; total score: p = 0.6). The IGT learning index was influenced by the educational level and the co-occurrence of minor depression. CIS and MS patients developing a relapse during an observation period of 15 months dated from IGT testing demonstrated a lower learning index in the IGT than patients who had no exacerbation (p = 0.02). When controlling for age, gender and education, the difference between relapsing and non-relapsing patients was at the limit of significance (p = 0.06). CONCLUSION: Decision making in a task mimicking real life decisions is generally preserved in early MS patients as compared to controls. A possible consequence of MS relapsing activity in the impairment of decision making ability is also suspected in the early phase of MS

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“…For intelligence assessment, all subjects completed a modified short version of the German Wechsler Intelligence Performance scales, based on performance of the subtests on general knowledge, similarities and picture completion. These subtests were chosen and motor executive parts like the block design test (BDT) and two-digit test excluded, since they put patients with MS at a disadvantage due to motor speed demands [5, 9, 13]. There were no differences between patients and healthy controls with regard to age and IQ.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, executive functions as used in IQ measurements often lack sensitivity with respect to increased cognitive dysfunction in MS patients, in particular as physical disability hampers the cognitive assessment [4]. Little is still known with respect to long-term effects on memory performance, in particular short-term memory, including abstract reasoning and affective variables, although those have been found to appear early in the course of disease [5, 6, 7, 8, 9]. Few cross-sectional studies in disabled MS patients (Expanded Disability Status Scale, EDSS, >2) have been performed, and their results were limited either by large drop-out rates or fast progression due to the nature of the underlying disease, resulting in considerable heterogeneity of the findings [1, 3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cognitive decline appeared to be related to physical disease progression at several stages and with respect to morphological parameter changes and were often combined with visual disturbances [8, 10, 11]. As life-time prevalence of depression and depressive symptoms has been accounted to about 50% of all MS patients, mood alterations, emotional symptoms, signs of depression and anxiety disorders have frequently been assessed and were found to influence significantly the cognitive function and quality of life in patients [5, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cognitive, but Not Mood Dysfunction Develops in Multiple Sclerosis during 7 Years of Follow-Up

Haase

Tinnefeld²,

Daum³

et al. 2004

Eur Neurol

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Long-term development of psychological deficits in disability-free early multiple sclerosis (MS) was evaluated in 27 female patients over a period of 7 years and compared with healthy controls. Physical and cognitive parameters deteriorated significantly but not depression scores. In particular, the self-assessed somatic complaints remained non-similar between patients and controls. This indicates that although depression is clinically relevant and frequent in MS, in contrast to cognition it is not related to physical disease progression.

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Depressive symptoms account for deficient information processing speed but not for impaired working memory in early phase multiple sclerosis (MS)

Cited by 99 publications

References 46 publications

Stroop performance in multiple sclerosis: Information processing, selective attention, or executive functioning?

Stroop performance in multiple sclerosis: Information processing, selective attention, or executive functioning?

Preserved decision making ability in early multiple sclerosis

Cognitive, but Not Mood Dysfunction Develops in Multiple Sclerosis during 7 Years of Follow-Up

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