Depressive symptoms and associated factors following cerebrovascular accident among Nigerians

Abstract

Background: Much has been written on post stroke depression in the last 10 years in developed countries. However little is known about this important condition in this environment, thus the need for this study. Aims: This study intends to estimate the prevalence of post stroke depression (PSD) and identify other associated factors. Methods: One hundred and eighteen stroke survivors, managed at a Nigerian Teaching Hospital (mean post stroke survival duration ¼ 11 months) were compared with 118 hypertensive controls using Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the modified Mini Mental State Examination (mMMSE). Sociodemographic variables were controlled for. Results: Sixteen (13.6%) control subjects compared with 47 representing 38.8% had significant depressive symptoms. Cognitive deficit, paresis and low education were identified as predictors of depressive symptoms (PSD) among survivors. Conclusion: Physicians need to be alert to this condition, especially since it can be treated and this will improve the quality of life among this group of patients.

Depression after minor stroke: Prevalence and predictors

“…Further, patients who were not grouped had a higher education level. Education level has been reported to be associated with depression after stroke in only a few studies [19,38] and is not regarded as a major predictor of PSD [1]. Although no difference was found regarding the education level among the non-depressed, early-onset, and late-onset PSD groups, the possibility of a bias due to the discrepancy between the education level of study patients and dropouts cannot be ruled out.…”

Perceived stress and depression in left and right hemisphere post-stroke patients

“…Only a handful of studies have included patients with aphasia in their sample with mixed results as to the effect of aphasia on developing PSD (Berg et al, 2003; Kauhanen et al, 2000; Kellermann et al, 1999; Nys et al, 2005). Relatedly, stroke severity and neurological impairment including hemiparesis have been associated with depression (Fatoye et al, 2009; Vataja et al, 2001). …”

Scoping Review of Common Secondary Conditions After Stroke and Their Associations with Age and Time Post Stroke

“…12,13,16,17 Co mparison adults without stroke: Rates higher in stroke. 20,21,23,29,31,32 Rates not signifi cantly different. 31 He adache/migraine pain: 3%-18%.…”

“…7,10,20,21,25,27,28,31 Depression was more prevalent in stroke populations than in nondisabled control populations. 20,21,23,29,31,32 Pain Twelve studies reported on the overall prevalence of pain. Half of these studies reported pain prevalence in the range of 26% to 50%, and 5 studies reported lower pain prevalence of 25% or less.…”

“…17 Age: No association. [8][9][10]12,[14][15][16][18][19][20][21][22][23] Associated with younger age. 17,[24][25][26][27] Associated with older age.…”