“…This Special Issue is the first larger compilation of state of the art contributions on Music and Evolution since the turn of the millennium. After the seminal book edited by Wallin et al (2000), which defined the field with a ground-breaking success (in succession of single early contributions such as Roederer, 1984), there have been several single papers -also in this journal -or smaller compilations, and some thematically related monographs (e.g., Hauser & McDermott, 2003, and other papers from that issue of Nature Neuroscience ; Mithen, 2005;Merker, 2005, and other papers from that issue of the Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences ; Justus & Hutsler, 2005;McDermott & Hauser, 2005, plus Cross, 2006, and six more Open Peer Commentaries from that issue of Music Perception ; Bispham, 2006a;plus Graham, 2007;Bispham, 2006b;and Author's Response;Fitch, 2006, and other papers from that issue of Cognition ; Brown, 2007;Cross, 2007;Huron, 2006;Lehmann et al, 2008). But there has never since been a larger ensemble of papers on topic concentrated in a single volume.…”