Derangement of chick embryo retinal differentiation caused by radiofrequency electromagnetic fields

Zareen, Nusrat; Khan, Muhammad Yunus; Minhas, Liaqat Ali

doi:10.1111/j.1741-4520.2008.00214.x

Cited by 19 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The appearance of smaller lens epithelial cells with condensed pyknotic nuclei and damaged cytoplasm was similar to the findings reported by Bormusov et al [4]. Development is a dynamic process consisting of a highly ordered sequence of cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, and programmed cell death [2]. These events are based on endogenous ionic currents and electric fields present in the cells.…”

Section: Experimental Embryo Lenssupporting

confidence: 74%

“…These events are based on endogenous ionic currents and electric fields present in the cells. These fields get disrupted due to RF radiations from the cell phone that in turn affect these processes [2]. In the present study, the formation of multilayered epithelium on the anterior surface of the experiment lens and aberrantly formed posterior epithelium was probably due to the increased cell proliferation of lens epithelial cells due to 2G cell phone radiation exposure.…”

Section: Experimental Embryo Lensmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…Exposure increased the body growth and retinal differentiation up to 10th day followed by retarded growth on further exposure [1]. Zareen et al [2] reported a decreased retinal differentiation up to the 10th day followed by growth enhancement on further exposure. Khaki et al [3] reported an increase in the retinal thickness of rats exposed to electromagnetic fields for 4 weeks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Ultrahigh Frequency Radiation Emitted from 2G Cell Phone on Developing Lens of Chick Embryo: A Histological Study

D'Silva

Swer

Anbalagan

et al. 2014

Advances in Anatomy

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A Mobile phone in operation emits a pulsed radiofrequency electromagnetic field which is absorbed into the user's body particularly the head region. Contradictory scientific reports on the health effect of nonionizing radiations on biological tissues have prompted to undertake the present study to evaluate the damage in the developing lens of a chick embryo following exposure to radiation emitted from a 2G cell phone. Fertilized chick embryos were incubated in two groups in a standard egg incubator. The experiment group was exposed to radiation emitted from a 2G cell phone. On completion of scheduled duration, the embryos were collected and processed for routine histological studies. The 9th to 12th day chick embryo eyes were processed for assessment of DNA damage using the alkaline comet assay technique. The lens thickness and the equatorial diameter were measured using oculometer and statistically compared for both groups. In the present study, the exposure of chick embryos to a 2G cell phone caused structural changes in lens epithelial cells, formation of cystic cells and spaces, distortion of lens fibers, and formation of posterior aberrant nuclear layer. The DNA damage in the developing eyes of the experiment group assessed by comet assay was highly significant.

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Section: Experimental Embryo Lenssupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Experimental Embryo Lensmentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Ultrahigh Frequency Radiation Emitted from 2G Cell Phone on Developing Lens of Chick Embryo: A Histological Study

D'Silva

Swer

Anbalagan

et al. 2014

Advances in Anatomy

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“…A square piece with nerve in the centre was taken for processing for paraffinembedded preparations, and a 2-mm square portion was further taken from the right lateral margin of the above section for araldite-embedded preparations. The area of retina selected for study was chosen after our previous study (Zareen et al 2009). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histological stages of retinal morphogenesis in chicken – a descriptive laboratory research

Zareen

Khan

Minhas

2011

Italian Journal of Zoology

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The similarity of the developmental anatomy of chicken with that of mammals has rendered it an appropriate animal model for understanding the anatomical and pathological aspects of human biological systems. The present study describes the age-dependent morphological differentiation stages of developing retina of chick embryos. The retinae of chicken embryos of ages 10 and 15 days incubation, of newly hatched chicks and also that of adult chicken were studied histologically. The retinae were processed both for routine microscopy and as araldite-embedded high-resolution sections. At all ages, different retinal layers were studied noting the changing shapes of nuclei and measuring the individual layer thickness. As the animal advances in age, the elongated to oval nuclear shape takes on a more round contour, the pigment content gradually increases, the initial cuboidal cells of the photoreceptor layer change over to tall columnar cells, their outer segments pushing their way into the epithelium layer, producing vacuolar appearances among the pigment granules, the inner and outer plexiform layers increase in thickness, while the nuclear layers, becoming more compact, decrease in thickness. The ganglion cell layer, initially multilayered, gradually becomes single-cell-layered with advancing age. This descriptive laboratory research presents a detailed retinal differentiation pattern, which contributes to the anatomical knowledge of retinal embryology as well as providing a comparative background for pathological deviations.

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“…Vignal et al (2009) concluded that the studies could not show any significant effect on human eyes when exposed to long-term and low-dose radiation. Zareen et al(2009) concluded that EMF emitted by a mobile phone caused derangement of chicken embryo retinal differentiation. Demirel et al(2012) suggested that under a short period of exposure, 3G mobile phone radiation does not lead to harmful effects on eye tissue and blood in rats.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect Of Microwave Radiation On The Retina Of Mice Embryos

Amer

Shabaka

Zakaria

et al. 2013

JBLS

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The present investigation is concerned with the effect of mobile phone radiation on the development of mice embryos. The pregnant females were divided into 3 groups, the control group (GI) and 2 irradiated groups, 10 females each. The 2 nd group and 3 rd group were subjected to 950MHz at SAR=1W/kg and 1800MHz at SAR=1.6W/kg respectively from day 7 to day 14 of gestation for 2 hours/ day. The exposure to microwave caused fetal growth retardation in all irradiated groups. However, no morphological abnormalities were observed in all the experimental groups.The retina of the 18-days-old fetus maternally exposed to microwave showed histopathological changes including pyknotic nuclei in both outer and inner nuclear layers (group II), while they lost their normal arrangement and became aggregated in the outer nuclear layer in group III. At ISSN 2157-6076 2013 www.macrothink.org/jbls 216 the level of electron microscopy the retinal tissue revealed deformed and dilated mitochondria and condensed heterochromatin of the nuclei of the outer nuclear layer. The ganglionic cells showed degenerated cytoplasmic organelles in group II. However, remarkable aggregations of melanin pigments were detected in the pigmented layer of group III. Since the evaluation of the clinical relevance of microwave radiation interactions on fetal retina is still lacking, such pathological changes must be taken into consideration in order to minimize cell injuries. Journal of Biology and Life Science

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Derangement of chick embryo retinal differentiation caused by radiofrequency electromagnetic fields

Cited by 19 publications

References 24 publications

Effect of Ultrahigh Frequency Radiation Emitted from 2G Cell Phone on Developing Lens of Chick Embryo: A Histological Study

Effect of Ultrahigh Frequency Radiation Emitted from 2G Cell Phone on Developing Lens of Chick Embryo: A Histological Study

Histological stages of retinal morphogenesis in chicken – a descriptive laboratory research

Effect Of Microwave Radiation On The Retina Of Mice Embryos

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