Deregulated Phosphorylation of CENH3 at Ser65 Affects the Development of Floral Meristems in Arabidopsis thaliana

Demidov, Dmitri; Heckmann, Stefan; Weiss, Oda; Rutten, Twan; Tomaštíková, Eva Dvořák; Kuhlmann, Markus; Scholl, Patrick Patrick; Municio, Celia; Lermontová, Inna; Houben, Andreas

doi:10.3389/fpls.2019.00928

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 58 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Cells are actively dividing in SAM and expression of TPXL proteins correlates with their expected role in planta. The high expression of TPX2 is in agreement with the importance of AUR1 to phosphorylate various substrates, such as histone H3 during cell division [3] in Arabidopsis and during gametophyte development to phosphorylate CENH3 [34]. Moreover, the expression pattern of AUR1 and AUR2 is highly similar to that of TPX2, TPXL2, and TPXL3, suggesting a common regulation of these proteins.…”

Section: Tpxl Members With Aurora Binding Domain Are Strongly Expressedsupporting

confidence: 76%

Functional Divergence of Microtubule-Associated TPX2 Family Members in Arabidopsis thaliana

Tomaštíková

Rutten

Dvořák

et al. 2020

IJMS

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

TPX2 (Targeting Protein for Xklp2) is an evolutionary conserved microtubule-associated protein important for microtubule nucleation and mitotic spindle assembly. The protein was described as an activator of the mitotic kinase Aurora A in humans and the Arabidopsis AURORA1 (AUR1) kinase. In contrast to animal genomes that encode only one TPX2 gene, higher plant genomes encode a family with several TPX2-LIKE gene members (TPXL). TPXL genes of Arabidopsis can be divided into two groups. Group A proteins (TPXL2, 3, 4, and 8) contain Aurora binding and TPX2_importin domains, while group B proteins (TPXL1, 5, 6, and 7) harbor an Xklp2 domain. Canonical TPX2 contains all the above-mentioned domains. We confirmed using in vitro kinase assays that the group A proteins contain a functional Aurora kinase binding domain. Transient expression of Arabidopsis TPX2-like proteins in Nicotiana benthamiana revealed preferential localization to microtubules and nuclei. Co-expression of AUR1 together with TPX2-like proteins changed the localization of AUR1, indicating that these proteins serve as targeting factors for Aurora kinases. Taken together, we visualize the various localizations of the TPX2-LIKE family in Arabidopsis as a proxy to their functional divergence and provide evidence of their role in the targeted regulation of AUR1 kinase activity.

show abstract

Section: Tpxl Members With Aurora Binding Domain Are Strongly Expressedsupporting

confidence: 76%

Functional Divergence of Microtubule-Associated TPX2 Family Members in Arabidopsis thaliana

Tomaštíková

Rutten

Dvořák

et al. 2020

IJMS

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It is possible that more significant changes might be found in epigenetic factors that we did not investigate, for example changes in DNA methylation patterns or other histone post-translational modifications. A variety of modifications to CENP-A nucleosomes have been identified, (reviewed in [ 113 ]), but very little is known about CENH3 modifications in plants [ 114 , 115 ], highlighting an area for future research. Experiments in human cells identified cell cycle related interchanges of acetylation, monomethylation and ubiquitination at the lysine 124 residue of CENP-A [ 116 , 117 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing DNA replication programs reveals large timing shifts at centromeres of endocycling cells in maize roots

Wear

Song²,

Zynda³

et al. 2020

PLoS Genet

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Plant cells undergo two types of cell cycles–the mitotic cycle in which DNA replication is coupled to mitosis, and the endocycle in which DNA replication occurs in the absence of cell division. To investigate DNA replication programs in these two types of cell cycles, we pulse labeled intact root tips of maize ( Zea mays ) with 5-ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine (EdU) and used flow sorting of nuclei to examine DNA replication timing (RT) during the transition from a mitotic cycle to an endocycle. Comparison of the sequence-based RT profiles showed that most regions of the maize genome replicate at the same time during S phase in mitotic and endocycling cells, despite the need to replicate twice as much DNA in the endocycle and the fact that endocycling is typically associated with cell differentiation. However, regions collectively corresponding to 2% of the genome displayed significant changes in timing between the two types of cell cycles. The majority of these regions are small with a median size of 135 kb, shift to a later RT in the endocycle, and are enriched for genes expressed in the root tip. We found larger regions that shifted RT in centromeres of seven of the ten maize chromosomes. These regions covered the majority of the previously defined functional centromere, which ranged between 1 and 2 Mb in size in the reference genome. They replicate mainly during mid S phase in mitotic cells but primarily in late S phase of the endocycle. In contrast, the immediately adjacent pericentromere sequences are primarily late replicating in both cell cycles. Analysis of CENH3 enrichment levels in 8C vs 2C nuclei suggested that there is only a partial replacement of CENH3 nucleosomes after endocycle replication is complete. The shift to later replication of centromeres and possible reduction in CENH3 enrichment after endocycle replication is consistent with a hypothesis that centromeres are inactivated when their function is no longer needed.

show abstract

“…It is also possible that more significant changes might be found in epigenetic marks that we did not investigate, for example changes in DNA methylation patterns or other histone post-translational modifications. A variety of modifications to CENP-A nucleosomes have been identified, (reviewed in [101]), but very little is known about CENH3 modifications in plants [102,103], highlighting an area for future research. Experiments in human cells identified cell cycle related interchanges of acetylation, monomethylation and ubiquitination at the lysine 124 residue of CENP-A [104,105].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing DNA replication programs reveals large timing shifts at centromeres of endocycling cells in maize roots

Wear

Song

Zynda

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

39 Plant cells undergo two types of cell cycles -the mitotic cycle in which DNA replication is 40 coupled to mitosis, and the endocycle in which DNA replication occurs in the absence of cell 41 division. To investigate DNA replication programs in these two types of cell cycles, we pulse 42 labeled intact root tips of maize (Zea mays) with 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) and used flow 43 sorting of nuclei to examine DNA replication timing (RT) during the transition from a mitotic 44 cycle to an endocycle. Here, we compare sequence-based RT profiles and found that most 45 regions of the maize genome replicate at the same time during S phase in mitotic and 46 endocycling cells, despite the need to replicate twice as much DNA in the endocycle. However, 47 regions collectively corresponding to 2% of the genome displayed significant changes in timing 48 between the two types of cell cycles. The majority of these regions are small, with a median size 49 of 135 kb, and shift to a later RT in the endocycle. However, we found larger regions that shifted 50 RT in centromeres of seven of the ten maize chromosomes. These regions covered the majority 51 of the previously defined functional centromere in each case, which are ~1-2 Mb in size in the 52 reference genome. They replicate mainly during mid S phase in mitotic cells, but primarily in 53 late S phase of the endocycle. Strikingly, the immediately adjacent pericentromere sequences are 54 primarily late replicating in both cell cycles. Analysis of CENH3 enrichment levels in nuclei of 55 different ploidies suggested that there is only a partial replacement of CENH3 nucleosomes after 56 endocycle replication is complete. The shift to later replication of centromeres and reduced 57 CENH3 enrichment after endocycle replication is consistent with the hypothesis that centromeres 58 are being inactivated as their function is no longer needed. Wear et al. 3 59 AUTHOR SUMMARY60 In traditional cell division, or mitosis, a cell's genetic material is duplicated and then split 61 between two daughter cells. In contrast, in some specialized cell types, the DNA is duplicated a 62 second time without an intervening division step, resulting in cells that carry twice as much DNA 63 -a phenomenon called an endocycle, which is common during plant development. At each step, 64 DNA replication follows an ordered program, in which highly compacted DNA is unraveled and 65 replicated in sections at different times during the synthesis (S) phase. In plants, it is unclear 66 whether traditional and endocycle programs are the same. Using root tips of maize, we found a 67 small portion of the genome whose replication in the endocycle is shifted in time, usually to later 68 in S phase. Some of these regions are scattered around the genome, and mostly coincide with 69 active genes. However, the most prominent shifts occur in centromeres. This location is 70 noteworthy because centromeres orchestrate the process of separating duplicated chromosomes 71 into daughter cells, a function that is not needed in...

show abstract

Deregulated Phosphorylation of CENH3 at Ser65 Affects the Development of Floral Meristems in Arabidopsis thaliana

Cited by 9 publications

References 58 publications

Functional Divergence of Microtubule-Associated TPX2 Family Members in Arabidopsis thaliana

Functional Divergence of Microtubule-Associated TPX2 Family Members in Arabidopsis thaliana

Comparing DNA replication programs reveals large timing shifts at centromeres of endocycling cells in maize roots

Comparing DNA replication programs reveals large timing shifts at centromeres of endocycling cells in maize roots

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About