“…Subsequently, the crack propagates into the subsurface, usually along a path perpendicular to the loading direction. This stage is of major importance since a large fraction of component life can be spent in propagating a PSC into an LC, 10,21,22 where the cyclic plastic zone size is no longer comparable to the crack depth. The lack of fully developed closure is considered by some to be the main feature of PSC growth, 3,23,24 and in these circumstances, the differences between effective stress ranges and total stress ranges become more apparent when a PSC propagates into an LC.…”