Derivation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Cardiovascular Disease Modeling

Abstract

The successful derivation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) by de-differentiation of somatic cells offers significant potential to overcome obstacles in the field of cardiovascular disease. hiPSC derivatives offer incredible potential for new disease models and regenerative medicine therapies. However, many questions remain regarding the optimal starting materials and methods to enable safe, efficient derivation of hiPSCs suitable for clinical applications. Initial reprogramming experiments were carried out using lentiviral or retroviral gene delivery methods. More recently, various non-viral methods that avoid permanent and random transgene insertion have emerged as alternatives. These include transient DNA transfection approaches using transposons or minicircle plasmids, protein transduction approaches, and RNA transfection approaches. In addition, several small molecules have been found to significantly augment iPSC derivation efficiency, allowing the use of a fewer number of genes during pluripotency induction. Here, we review these various methods for the derivation of hiPSCs, focusing on their ultimate clinical applicability, with an emphasis on their potential for use as cardiovascular therapies and disease modeling platforms.

A bibliometric analysis of micro/nano-bubble related research: current trends, present application, and future prospects

“…The drug and gene delivery applications can be realized to treat different kinds of diseases with the existence of microbubble techniques (Unger et al 2014). Liver-and myocardial-related research has presented a stable development momentum during the last 24 years, showing that the relatively potential approaches and techniques have been used to overcome liver-and myocardial-related issues (Narsinh et al 2011;Lomonaco et al 2013).…”

Recent Developments in Cardiovascular Stem Cells

“…[18][19][20] Furthermore, advances in generation and characterization of cardiac myocytes from induced pluripotent stem cells using the Yamanaka factors or a combination thereof, have expanded the therapeutic options for cardiac repair. [21][22][23][24] In addition, direct reprogramming of the resident fibroblasts to myocytes, whether using a defined set of transcription factors or microRNAs, has further advanced the field of regenerative cardiac repair. [25][26][27][28] Finally, combination of different cell types has been used to gain additive and synergistic effects.…”

Safeguarding clinical translation of pluripotent stem cells with suicide genes

“…These include transient DNA transfection using transposons or minicircle plasmids, protein transduction, and RNA/miRNA (micro RNA) transfection. 10 Nevertheless, transcriptional, genetic and epigenetic abnormalities acquired from the corresponding somatic cells of origin or during reprogramming stress and culture adaptation increase the tumorigenicity of hiPSCs. 11 In a karyotype analysis of more than 1,700 human iPSC and ESC cultures collected from 97 investigators in 29 laboratories, Taapken et al reported that trisomy 12 was the predominant abnormality in iPSCs cultures (31.9%), and trisomy 8 occurred more frequently in iPSCs (20%) than in ESCs (10%).…”