Dermal Safety Evaluation: Use of Disposable Diaper Products in the Elderly

Rai, Prashant; Marsman, Daniel S.; Felter, Susan P.

doi:10.1007/978-3-540-89656-2_82

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…This study estimated adult nappy waste with the average values reported by the ICS for urinary incontinence, 35% for women, and 17.5% for men, both aged above 65 years. Also, it was assumed that each adult uses an average of four nappies per day, and that one used nappy weighs 320 g (Bae et al, 2018; Knowaste, 2019a; Rai et al, 2010).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Waste management and environmental impact of absorbent hygiene products: A review

et al. 2020

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Absorbent hygiene products (AHP) have received much interest due to the notion that their end-of-life (EoL) stage has high environmental impacts. Since the use of AHP will continue to rise in the foreseeable future, information that helps with a reduction in the environmental impacts of AHP through their life cycle is needed. This research presents an estimation of AHP in municipal waste, and it also reviews and discusses waste management options, available treatments at bench, pilot or full scale, and life cycle assessments (LCAs) available in the literature. Municipal waste of countries belonging to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development contains on average 2.7% of baby nappies, 4.8% of adult nappies and 0.5% of sanitary pads (in weight), whereas that of Latin-American countries have 7.3%, 3.3%, and 0.9%, respectively. Management options for AHP waste in developed countries are landfilling and incineration, while in developing countries AHP are disposed of in dumpsites and landfills. Most LCAs identify significant environmental impacts in the production of raw materials, while EoL scenarios involving incineration and landfill were found to have a significant contribution to global warming potential. Substitution with alternative products has been suggested as a way of decreasing environmental impacts; however, their use frequently causes a trade-off on different impact categories. Municipalities could use a wide range of policy tools, such as extended producer responsibility systems, bans, levies, ecolabelling, or a combination of these, to reduce the environmental and economic burden of AHP waste.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Waste management and environmental impact of absorbent hygiene products: A review

et al. 2020

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“…Adult incontinence diapers are used for protection from urine leakage, and little studies are available for this product category [53]. However, as the disposable absorbent pads share the common aspects of product constituents and usage habit, a similar assessment framework can be used, if relevant user and usage profiles are employed.…”

Section: Types Of Disposable Absorbent Hygiene Padsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety Evaluation of Absorbent Hygiene Pads: a Review on Assessment Framework and Test Methods

Bae¹,

Kwon²,

Kim³

2018

Preprint

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Disposable absorbent hygiene products have evolved for superior performance, enhancing the convenience of daily lives. Yet the use of disposable hygiene pads has brought safety concerns on chemical exposure, and significant efforts have been made to assess the potential risks associated with use of hygiene pads. This article intends to overview the safety assessment framework of diapers and feminine pads, which includes hazard identification, hazard characterization, exposure assessment, risk characterization, and postmarket risk management. Risk assessment of various constituents are reviewed for quantification methods and conservative estimation of exposure parameters. By reviewing the up-to-date considerations in risk assessment, we aim to provide insightful discussion on safety evaluation of current versions of disposable absorbent products. More clinical testing and postmarket surveillance are needed for continuous monitoring of potential health impacts of advanced products and constituents.

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“…5 Data based on Korean MFDS [54]. 6 Data based on Proctor & Gamble consumer research referenced in Rai et al's study [53]. USA institutional and home care uses 3-5 pads or briefs/day; Japan uses 3.5-4 pads/day or 1.5-1.75 pull-on diapers/day.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety Evaluation of Absorbent Hygiene Pads: A Review on Assessment Framework and Test Methods

2018

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Disposable absorbent hygiene products have evolved for superior performance, enhancing the convenience of daily lives. However, the use of disposable hygiene pads has brought safety concerns on chemical exposure, and significant efforts have been made to assess the potential risks associated with use of hygiene pads. This article intends to overview the safety assessment framework of diapers and feminine pads, which includes hazard identification, hazard characterization, exposure assessment, risk characterization, and post-market risk management. Risk assessment of various constituents are reviewed for quantification methods and conservative estimation of exposure parameters. By reviewing the up-to-date considerations in risk assessment, we aim to provide insightful discussion on safety evaluation of current versions of disposable absorbent products. More clinical testing and post-market surveillance are needed for continuous monitoring of potential health impacts of advanced products and constituents.

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Dermal Safety Evaluation: Use of Disposable Diaper Products in the Elderly

Cited by 3 publications

References 8 publications

Waste management and environmental impact of absorbent hygiene products: A review

Waste management and environmental impact of absorbent hygiene products: A review

Safety Evaluation of Absorbent Hygiene Pads: a Review on Assessment Framework and Test Methods

Safety Evaluation of Absorbent Hygiene Pads: A Review on Assessment Framework and Test Methods

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