Dermal Toxicity due to Industrial Chemicals

Abstract

The dermal toxicity due to industrial chemicals is well recognised. They may be the cause of skin irritation and skin sensitization. Some of the chemicals may result in dermal reactions such as changes in skinfold thickness, cellular degeneration and necrosis. The absorption through the skin may also cause penetration of chemicals into the organism causing systemic effects.

A Two-Phase Analysis of Solute Partitioning into the Stratum Corneum

“…1,3,4 Quantitative aspects of diffusion through this layer have attracted considerable experimental and theoretical study in connection with topical and transdermal drug delivery 2,5-7 as well as risk assessment of chemical exposure. [8][9][10] At steady state, such passage is characterized by a permeability coefficient P SC/w , measurable in vitro, representing the constant of proportionality between permeant flux J (mol/cm 2 Ás) through an SC sample and the driving difference in permeant concentrations between two aqueous solutions separated by the sample. (The subscript ''w'' represents shorthand designating the aqueous solution environment at a prescribed pH.)…”

Distributed Diffusion–Clearance Model for Transient Drug Distribution within the Skin

“…A good review6 reports a long list of topically applied drugs and cosmetic agents that have been proven to have systemic side effects after their application. Furthermore, dermal exposure to chemicals may be important if it has a local effect (i.e., irritant or allergic reaction)7 or if it occurs over a prolonged period of time (e.g., in a working environment) 8…”

Thin‐layer chromatography and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry examination of shoe materials from patients with shoe dermatitis

“…2(3H)‐Benzothiazolone is a rare allergen that we have not previously encountered. However, an Indian paper reported it as a common sensitizer used as a corrosion inhibitor . This substance could have been added to the product, or it could be a degradation product of the rubber chemical mercaptobenzothiazole or an oxidation product of benzothiazole.…”