Dermatite seborreica

Abstract

Seborrheic dermatitis is a chronic relapsing erythematous scaly skin disease, the prevalence of which is around 1 to 3% of the general population in the United States. It has two incidence peaks, the first in the first three months of life and the second beginning at puberty and reaching its apex at 40 to 60 years of age. The prevalence of seborrheic dermatitis is higher in HIV-positive individuals and the condition tends to be more intense and refractory to treatment in these patients. Neurological disorders and other chronic diseases are also associated with the onset of seborrheic dermatitis. The currently accepted theory on the pathogenesis of this disease advocates that yeast of Malassezia spp., present on the skin surface of susceptible individuals, leads to a non-immunogenic irritation due to the production of unsaturated fatty acids deposited on the skin surface. This article provides a review of the literature on seborrheic dermatitis, focusing on immunogenetics, the clinical forms of the disease and its treatment. . Keywords: Dermatitis; Dermatitis, seborrheic; Eczema Resumo: A dermatite seborreica é uma doença eritêmato-escamativa de caráter crônico-recidivante que acomete entre 1 e 3% da população geral dos Estados Unidos. Possui dois picos de incidência -o primeiro, durante os três primeiros meses de vida, e o segundo, a partir da puberdade, atingindo seu ápice entre os 40 e 60 anos de idade. Os indivíduos HIV positivos têm maior prevalência da doença, que apresenta maior intensidade e tendência à refratariedade ao tratamento. Doenças neurológicas e outras doenças crônicas também estão associadas ao desenvolvimento da dermatite seborreica. Como mecanismo fisiopatogênico, reconhece-se que o fungo Malassezia sp., presente na pele de indivíduos suscetíveis, leve a uma irritação não-imunogênica a partir da produção de metabólitos à base de áci-dos graxos insaturados deixados na superfície cutânea. Este artigo faz uma revisão da literatura sobre dermatite seborreica, com ênfase nos aspectos imunogenéticos, formas clínicas e tratamento.

Pityriasis amiantacea: a study of seven cases

“…2 Our research revealed that 11.1% of seborrheic dermatitis patients had pityriasis amiantacea during follow-up. Unlike the 42% described in the literature, 5 all 63 patients presented with scalp involvement in our study. In relation to diagnostic investigation, a scalp biopsy was probably not performed because histopathology is not presented as a fundamental diagnostic criterion for the disease.…”

“…5 Others are emphatic in pointing out that the reaction is more common among children although it can occur at any age. 6 The prospective study of 85 PA cases revealed a mean age diagnosis of 23.8 years in the interval ranging from 5 to 63 – thus encompassing children and adolescents, with a female predominance.…”

An update on the microbiology, immunology and genetics of seborrheic dermatitis

“…While SD affects all ages, it has a predominantly bimodal distribution, with a peak during infancy (2‐12 months of age) and another peak in early adulthood . Additionally, the incidence is higher among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐infected and immunocompromised patients ranging from 30% to 83% .…”

Diagnosis of Atopic Dermatitis: Mimics, Overlaps, and Complications

“…The cause of SD is not completely understood, but it is often associated with Malassezia species (previously Pityrosporum), because this organism heavily colonizes sebum-rich skin [7]. For this reason, topical anti-yeast treatment is often effectively used for long-term control [8], while TCS and TCIs may be used to quickly minimize redness and scaling [9].…”