“…In the case of 1D approaches, the research work does not capture a generic level of proximity through an aggregated measure but measures a particular form of proximity, whether relational (Barnes, 1997; Dubois et al, 2016; Salerno, 2001; Tu et al, 2015), cognitive (Ferguson et al, 2005) or psychological (Ghorbani et al, 2013). With the development of increasingly extensive visions of proximity, recent studies have developed multidimensional measures integrating spatial and non-spatial dimensions of proximity (Hérault-Fournier et al, 2012, 2014; Gahinet and Cliquet, 2018; Geldes et al, 2015; Labbé-Pinlon et al, 2016; Vyt et al, 2017). These multidimensional measures of proximity invite us to consider proximity as a higher-order construct (Labbé-Pinlon et al, 2016).…”