Des langues romanes

Klinkenberg, Jean-Marie

doi:10.3917/dbu.klink.1999.01

Cited by 23 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Les images décrivent très souvent des situations de la vie quotidienne de ce pays et les symboles évoqués sont principalement français. Cette position aussi bien théorique que méthodologique peut trouver son explication dans le concept de « français standard » proposé par Klinkenberg (1999), c'est-à-dire une langue (et également une culture) dans laquelle les membres d'une communauté se reconnaissent et peuvent être reconnus. En effet, les trois manuels présentent, de manière presque incontournable, des aspects iconographiques de la culture française dès leurs premières leçons.…”

Section: Discussion Et Conclusionunclassified

Représentation de la culture dans trois manuels de FLE

Rojas-Plata¹

2020

LITERA

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Dans ce travail, nous analysons les éléments culturels présents dans un ensemble de manuels de français langue étrangère. Nous nous concentrons principalement sur les éléments iconographiques, c'est-à-dire les photographies et les illustrations accompagnant chaque unité pédagogique. L'idée que la langue et la culture sont des produits interdépendants d'un seul processus est plus évidente dans le cas des manuels de langues, car ici la culture sert régulièrement de support pour représenter graphiquement la langue. Cette recherche a deux objectifs: 1) décrire l'emploi et l'évolution des images comme des éléments de représentation culturelle dans un ensemble de manuels de langue française et 2) analyser comment ces images se rapportent au contenu de différentes leçons. La méthodologie consiste à interroger trois manuels de français publiés à quelques années d'intervalle. Nous comparons quantitativement et qualitativement l'emploi des images dans ces matériaux et retraçons leurs caractéristiques et leurs différences. L'analyse révèle que dans les manuels les plus récents, il y a un plus grand nombre d'images, notamment de photographies. Celles-ci sont également plus complexes du point de vue de leur représentation culturelle. En général, les résultats soulignent un intérêt croissant à présenter un tableau multiculturel à travers l'emploi d'une iconographie très soignée dans les manuels de langues.

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Section: Discussion Et Conclusionunclassified

Représentation de la culture dans trois manuels de FLE

Rojas-Plata¹

2020

LITERA

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“…: e.g. there are three practical definitions of a language in [23]. The variety of religions and languages is surely enormous, to the point that they may even appear as fully individualistic ones, and only gathered into bins for defining communities.…”

Section: Similarities and Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, one could consider religion dynamics from another ensemble of points of view or indicators [91]. As there are several definitions of a language [23], similarly one could also define what a religion "is" in different ways [20,92,93].…”

Section: B Node Intensitymentioning

confidence: 99%

On Religion and Language Evolutions Seen Through Mathematical and Agent Based Models

Ausloos¹

2010

Proceedings of the First Interdisciplinary Chess Interactions Conference

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Religions and languages are social variables, like age, sex, wealth or political opinions, to be studied like any other organizational parameter. In fact, religiosity is one of the most important sociological aspects of populations. Languages are also obvious characteristics of the human species. Religions, languages appear though also disappear. All religions and languages evolve and survive when they adapt to the society developments. On the other hand, the number of adherents of a given religion, or the number of persons speaking a language is not fixed in time, -nor space.Several questions can be raised. E.g. from a macroscopic point of view : How many religions/languages exist at a given time? What is their distribution? What is their life time? How do they evolve? From a "microscopic" view point: can one invent agent based models to describe macroscopic aspects? Does it exist simple evolution equations? How complicated must be a model?These aspects are considered in the present note. Basic evolution equations are outlined and critically, though briefly, discussed. Similarities and differences between religions and languages are summarized. Cases can be illustrated with historical facts and data. It is stressed that characteristic time scales are different. It is emphasized that "external fields" are historically very relevant in the case of religions, rending the study more "interesting" within a mechanistic approach based on parity and symmetry of clusters concepts. Yet the modern description of human societies through networks in reported simulations is still lacking some mandatory ingredients, i.e. the non scalar nature of the nodes, and the non binary aspects of nodes and links, though for the latter this is already often taken into account, including directions.From an analytical point of view one can consider a population independently of the others. It is intuitively accepted, but also found from the statistical analysis of the frequency distribution that an attachment process is the primary cause of the distribution evolution in the number of adepts: usually the initial religion/language is that of the mother. However later on, changes can occur either due to "heterogeneous agent interaction" processes or due to "external field" constraints,or both. In so doing one has to consider competition-like processes, in a general environment with different rates of reproduction. More general equations are thus proposed for future work.

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“…As there are several definitions of a language [11], similarly one could also define what a religion "is" in different ways [23].…”

Section: Appendix B Indicators Of Religion Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are e.g. three definitions of a language [11]. Similarly one could "weight" the level of adherence to a religion, one could try as for languages to define a religion through its rituals, and quantity of practitioners.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On World Religion Adherence Distribution Evolution

Ausloos

Petroni

2010

Econophysics Approaches to Large-Scale Business Data and Financial Crisis

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Religious adherence can be considered as a degree of freedom, in a statistical physics sense, for a human agent belonging to a population. The distribution, performance and life time of religions can thus be studied having in mind heterogeneous interacting agent modeling in mind. We present a comprehensive analysis of 58 so called religion (to be better defined in the main text) evolutions, as measured through their number of adherents between 1900 and 2000, -data taken from the World Christian Encyclopedia: 40 are considered to be "presently growing" cases, including 11 turn overs in the XX century; 18 are "presently decaying", among which 12 are found to have had a recent maximum, in the XIX or the XX century. The Avrami-Kolmogorov differential equation which usually describes solid state transformations, like crystal growth, is used in each case in order to obtain the preferential attachment parameter introduced previously [1]. It is often found close to unity, indicating a smooth evolution. However large values suggest the occurrence of extreme cases which we conjecture are controlled by so called external fields. A few cases indicate the likeliness of a detachment process. We discuss different growing and decaying religions, and illustrate various fits. Some cases seem to indicate the lack of reliability of the data. Others, departure from Avrami law. We point out two difficulties in the analysis : (i) the "precise" original time of apparition of a religion, (ii) the time of its maximum, both informations being necessary for integrating reliably any evolution equation. Moreover the Avrami evolution equation might be surely improved, in particular, and somewhat obviously, for the decaying religion cases.

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Des langues romanes

Cited by 23 publications

References 0 publications

Représentation de la culture dans trois manuels de FLE

Représentation de la culture dans trois manuels de FLE

On Religion and Language Evolutions Seen Through Mathematical and Agent Based Models

On World Religion Adherence Distribution Evolution

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