Desalination of geothermal waters using a hybrid UF-RO process. Part II: Membrane scaling after pilot-scale tests

Tomaszewska, Barbara; Bodzek, M.

doi:10.1016/j.desal.2013.01.030

Cited by 38 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…1.1 MPa) in the reverse osmosis process it is possible to produce high-quality permeate that meets the requirements applicable to drinking water [19][20][21]. The assessment of the feasibility of implementing the UF-RO system analysed on an industrial scale is largely dependent on the manner and possibility of disposing of, or using, the concentrate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No biocides were used. The desalination process proceeded in a stable manner [19][20]. The desalination of water from the GT-2 intake was conducted in the same fashion.…”

Section: Disposing Concentrate As a Balneological Solutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Detailed testing equipment and desalination procedure were presented in our previous work [19][20][21]. The pilot system was fi tted with typical industrial plant components and included ( Fig.…”

Section: Testing Equipment and Water Desalination Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During pilot tests, despite of the low pressure applied in the reverse osmosis process (1.1 MPa) a high-quality/potable water was obtained with geothermal waters containing up to 7 g/L of TDS (GT-1 and GT-2) [19][20][21]. However, the industrial use of water desalination processes in geothermal systems will be primarily dependent on concentrate disposal possibilities and the economic aspects [24][25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of a Hybrid Uf-Ro Process to Geothermal Water Desalination. Concentrate Disposal and Cost Analysis

Tomaszewska¹,

Pająk²,

Bodzek³

2014

Archives of Environmental Protection

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M embrane-based water desalination processes and hybrid technologies are often considered as a technologically and economically viable alternative for desalination of geothermal waters. This has been confi rmed by the results of pilot studies concerning the UF-RO desalination of geothermal waters extracted from various geological structures in Poland. The assessment of the feasibility of implementing the water desalination process analysed on an industrial scale is largely dependent on the method and possibility of disposing or utilising the concentrate. The analyses conducted in this respect have demonstrated that it is possible to use the solution obtained as a balneological product owing to its elevated metasilicic acid, fl uorides and iodides ions content. Due to environmental considerations, injecting the concentrate back into the formation is the preferable solution. The energy effi ciency and economic analysis conducted demonstrated that the cost effectiveness of implementing the UF-RO process in a geothermal system on an industrial scale largely depends on the factors related to its operation, including without limitation the amount of geothermal water extracted, water salinity, the absorption parameters of the wells used to inject water back into the formation, the scale of problems related to the disposal of cooled water, local demand for drinking and household water, etc. The decrease in the pressure required to inject water into the formation as well as the reduction in the stream of the water injected are among the key cost-effectiveness factors. Ensuring favourable desalinated water sale terms (price/quantity) is also a very important consideration owing to the electrical power required to conduct the UF-RO process.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No biocides were used. The desalination process proceeded in a stable manner [19][20]. The desalination of water from the GT-2 intake was conducted in the same fashion.…”

Section: Disposing Concentrate As a Balneological Solutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Testing Equipment and Water Desalination Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Application of a Hybrid Uf-Ro Process to Geothermal Water Desalination. Concentrate Disposal and Cost Analysis

Tomaszewska¹,

Pająk²,

Bodzek³

2014

Archives of Environmental Protection

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“…The mineral composition of sediments on the membrane surface was determined via the powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) method (Tomaszewska and Bodzek 2013a). Also the membrane morphology of the membranes used was determined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanofiltration renovation of mineral water

Bodzek

Tomaszewska

Rajca

2017

Archives of Environmental Protection

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There is often a need to improve the taste of mineral water by reducing the sulphate ion content. It was found that for such an effect, nanofiltration (NF) process can be used. In the case, the proposed formula was assumed obtaining a mineral water with reduction of H2S and SO42- content through the following processes: stripping - UF/MF or rapid fi ltration - nanofiltration - mixing with raw water or filtration through calcium bed. The paper shows the results of the tests, with use of mineral waters and nanofiltration. Commercial nanofiltration membranes NF-270 Dow Filmtec and NF-DK GE Infrastructure Water&Process Technologies were applied. NF was carried out for mixed water from both water intakes (1 and 2), recovery of 50%, at transmembrane pressure of 0.8-1.2 MPa in the dead-end fi ltration mode. In addition, the permeate obtained in NF was filtered through a column fi lled with 1.0-3.0 mm limestone rock, in order to improve the composition of mineral water. The tested mineral water is the sulphate-chloride-sodium-calcium-magnesium in nature and contains 991 mg/L of SO42- and 2398 mg/L of TDS, while the permeate after NF showed the chloride - sodium hydrogeochemical type (TDS: 780-1470 mg/L, sulfate 10-202.7 mg/L, calcium 23-39.7 mg/L, magnesium 11-28 mg/L). As a result of water treatment in the NF process, high reduction of SO42- ions was obtained (79-98.7%), while the TDS was reduced in 51-64%. Because the process of NF allows for relatively high reduction of bivalent ions, a significant reduction in calcium ion content (84-88%) and magnesium (84-89%) has been also obtained. Monovalent ions were reduced to a lesser extent, i.e. sodium in 46% and bicarbonates in 39-64.1%. Despite obtaining the positive effect of the sulphate ions content reduction, the NF process significantly changed the mineralogy composition of water. The permeate filtration (DK-NF membrane) on the CaCO3 deposit led to a correction of the hydrogeochemical type of water from chloridesodium to chloride-bicarbonate-sodium. The concentration of calcium ions was increased by 60.5% and was 28.2 mg/L, and bicarbonate ions by 7.78% (increased to 195 mg/L). Based on a morphological assessment of the deposits in the SEM image and their chemical composition, the presence of gypsum crystals was detected on the surface of the NF-270 membrane. The deposits formed on the NF-DK membrane were of a completely different character as aggregations of iron and aluminium oxides/hydroxides were found. Such significant mineralogical differences between the secondary deposits crystallising on the surface of the membranes point to the impact of several factors, including membrane characteristics, concentration polarisation, mass transport mechanisms, etc.

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Hybrid Systems of the Membrane Separation Process

2017

Science and Technology of Separation Membranes

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Desalination of geothermal waters using a hybrid UF-RO process. Part II: Membrane scaling after pilot-scale tests

Cited by 38 publications

References 16 publications

Application of a Hybrid Uf-Ro Process to Geothermal Water Desalination. Concentrate Disposal and Cost Analysis

Application of a Hybrid Uf-Ro Process to Geothermal Water Desalination. Concentrate Disposal and Cost Analysis

Nanofiltration renovation of mineral water

Hybrid Systems of the Membrane Separation Process

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