2020
DOI: 10.3390/membranes10110347
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Desalination Performance Assessment of Scalable, Multi-Stack Ready Shock Electrodialysis Unit Utilizing Anion-Exchange Membranes

Abstract: Incumbent electromembrane separation processes, including electrodialysis (ED) and electrodeionization (EDI), provide competitive techniques for desalination, selective separation, and unique solutions for ultra-pure water production. However, most of these common electrochemical systems are limited by concentration polarization and the necessity for multistep raw water pre-treatment. Shock electrodialysis (SED) utilizes overlimiting current to produce fresh, deionized water in a single step process by extendi… Show more

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Cited by 6 publications
(4 citation statements)
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“…The last, but not the least important, issue to consider is a shock electrodialysis process whose theoretical foundations were laid by the group of professor Nikonenko, (Kuban State University, Russia) [ 36 ], and the process was experimentally executed by Bazant’s group at M.I.T., (Cambridge, USA) [ 37 , 38 ] and later by Marek’s group at Technical University of Liberec, (Czechia) [ 39 , 40 , 41 ]. The theory says that the diluate stream is collected from the enhanced boundary layer of the membrane, which exhibits a very low concentration of rejected ions.…”
Section: Optional Novel Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…The last, but not the least important, issue to consider is a shock electrodialysis process whose theoretical foundations were laid by the group of professor Nikonenko, (Kuban State University, Russia) [ 36 ], and the process was experimentally executed by Bazant’s group at M.I.T., (Cambridge, USA) [ 37 , 38 ] and later by Marek’s group at Technical University of Liberec, (Czechia) [ 39 , 40 , 41 ]. The theory says that the diluate stream is collected from the enhanced boundary layer of the membrane, which exhibits a very low concentration of rejected ions.…”
Section: Optional Novel Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The energy consumption (of TUL unit with non-optimized charge of porous media) for desalting 14 mS cm −1 to 2 mS cm −1 has been 900 Wh dm −3 so far, while for standard electrodialysis (for the same conditions, using Na 2 SO 4 solution at the room temperature of 24 °C) the consumption is 4.6–4.9 Wh dm −3 ( Table 7 ). Desalination efficiency of small prototype by MIT Bazant‘s group for artificial seawater was 99.8% [ 42 ] and (99.87 ± 0.09)% by TUL Marek’s group for Na 2 SO 4 [ 41 ]. Regarding energy consumption compared to ED and regarding desalination efficiency compared to EDI (99.9999%) [ 40 ] the process still requires further optimization before scale-up for industrial utilization.…”
Section: Optional Novel Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…It is noteworthy that extensive research and advancements in the field of anion exchange resin membranes have been taking place for over seven decades [55]. Because of this, Table 1 only includes a selection of membranes that have been primarily investigated for use in AEMFCs and AEMWEs, respectively, over the most recent half decade, even though there are many other membrane companies and membranes available for other applications, such as those from Asahi Chemical Industry [56], AGC Engineering Co., Ltd. [57], Mega a.s. [58,59], Solvay Specialty Polymers [60], and Tianwei Membrane Technology [61][62][63]. Additionally, not all available membranes or grades are shown in the table; often, additional membranes with different thicknesses, porous supports, or other reinforcements are available upon request.…”
Section: Progress Of Commercial Aems In Aemwe and Aemfcmentioning
confidence: 99%