Desarrollo temprano en larvas de peces, clave para el inicio de la alimentación exógena

Abstract

Una clasificación de larvas de peces considera dos tipos: altriciales y precociales, asociadas al desarrollo temprano en relación con la cantidad de yema disponible en el saco vitelínico. La etapa larval tiene como principal objetivo la obtención de nutrientes para su ontogénesis. Para su comprensión, estudios morfológicos, asociados a respuestas enzimáticas, deben ser realizados. Teniendo en cuenta que la larvicultura es el cuello de botella de los sistemas de producción en acuicultura, se pretende abordar esta revisión con el fin de comprender las relaciones entre el ambiente y los cambios que ocurren en la transformación de larvas a juveniles, con el fin de asegurar el éxito en la fase más compleja en la vida de los peces.

Larvae and fry culture of white cachama ( Piaractus orinoquensis ) in biofloc systems at different carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratios

“…Early stage fish culture is based on two fundamental conditions: maintaining water quality in ranges appropriate for the species and food supply in quality and quantity (David-Ruales et al, 2018).…”

“…Dry spawning was carried out with a manual collection of gametes (eggs and sperm); then, fertilization and subsequent incubation were carried out for 12–13 h until the larvae hatched (0 h post hatching 0 HPH) in an upflow incubator (200 L) provided with a RAS recirculation system with mechanical and biological filtration. The larvae were kept until 92 HPH (with 10% of the yolk sac remnant), at which time the exotrophy began (David‐Ruales et al, 2018).…”

“…The The larvae were kept until 92 HPH (with 10% of the yolk sac remnant), at which time the exotrophy began (David-Ruales et al, 2018).…”

“…Piaractus orinoquensis is an endemic species of the Orinoco basin in South America (Escobar et al, 2019), whose reproduction is related to the hydrological cycles (potadromes) of the areas where it lives (Machado-Allison, 1992) with a reproductive strategy R (Balón, 1984). The progeny (larvae) present altricial, lecithotrophic characteristics (Balón, 1981), initiating exotrophy at 96 HPE (Atencio, 2001;David-Ruales et al, 2018) and continue with a series of morphoanatomic events during ontogeny of the sensory, muscular, digestive and skeletal system until reaching juveniles, as described by Portella et al (2014) for the species Piaractus mesopotamicus.…”

“…To obtain seeds, the larvae are stocked in previously fertilized earthen ponds at a density of 150–300 larvae/m 2 , achieving survival rates close to 50% until fry (Atencio, 2001; David et al, 2011). To improve the obtaining in quantity and quality of seed of species with indirect ontogeny, it is necessary to develop and implement efficient technologies (Portella et al, 2014), supporting their purpose in the supply of live food, under adequate conditions of water quality for the culture (Atencio, 2001; David‐Ruales et al, 2018).…”