“…OGS has been successfully applied in different fields, such as water resources management, hydrology, geothermal energy, energy storage, CO 2 storage, and waste disposal (Kolditz et al, 2012;Shao et al, 2013;Gräbe et al, 2013;Wang et al, 2017). In the field of hydrology-hydrogeology, OGS has been applied to regional groundwater flow and transport (Sun et al, 2011;Selle et al, 2013), contaminant hydrology (Beyer et al, 2006;Walther et al, 2014), reactive transport (Shao et al, 2009;He et al, 2015), and seawater intrusion (Walther et al, 2012), among others.…”