Description of Laimaphelenchus piceae sp. n., a new evidence of cryptic speciation, and L. sinensis Gu et al., 2020 (Rhabditida: Aphelenchoididae), a record from Shanxi province, north China

Abstract

Summary This contribution deals with the record and description of one new species and record of one known species of the genus Laimaphelenchus from Shanxi province, north China. The type population of L. piceae sp. n. is characterised by having females 642-807 μm long, the cephalic region with six labial sectors divided by ribs, stylet 12-14 μm long, lateral field with four incisures, postvulval uterine sac (PUS) 114-161 μm long, vulva with a well-developed anterior flap, tail with a single stalk at tip, bearing four pedunculate tubercles, each tubercle including 5-7 finger-like protrusions; males spicules 18-24 μm long and three pairs of caudal papillae present. The new species looks closely similar to L. persicus, representing its cryptic species, being separated by differences in some morphological indices and partial large subunit (LSU) rDNA sequences. Its morphological differences from other relevant species were discussed. L. sinensis was also recorded from Shanxi province for the first time. The phylogenetic relationships of the recovered populations were reconstructed using sequences of the near full length small subunit (SSU) and D2-D3 segments of LSU rDNA, and the relationships of both species were discussed.

Characteristics of culture-condition stimulated exosomes or their loaded hydrogels in comparison with other extracellular vesicles or MSC lysates

“…MVs derived from MSC have been exploited to activate regenerative programs in injured recipient cells and exert anti-inflammatory effects via the suppression of the Akt and STAT3 signaling pathways and via the inhibition T-lymphocyte functions, as well as the modification of cytokine production in dendritic cells, naive and effector T cells, and NK cells (Tricarico et al, 2017). MSC-derived MVs also show immunomodulatory effects in inflammatory or autoimmune disorders, such as uveoretinitis (Shigemoto-Kuroda et al, 2017), graft-versus-host disease (Wang et al, 2016), and type Ⅰ diabetes (Nojehdehi et al, 2018). Cesarean delivery is a growing worldwide maternal delivery technique to reduce scarring and optimize recovery, Pekarev et al (Pekarev et al, 2021) developed a pilot study that evaluated the safety profile of MVs from mesenchymal stromal placental cells.…”

Mycorrhizal Symbiosis Can Change the Composition of Secondary Metabolites in Fruits of Solanum nigrum L.

“…[7][8][9] The fruits of this plant are reported to have antiinflammatory, antioxidant, antiulcer, antidiuretic effects. [10] Some studies indicate that the composition of phytochemicals and content may be impacted by biotic and abiotic factors including development stage and plant age, rainfalls, soil fertility, temperature, harvest time, quantity and quality of available nutrients and soil microbial associations such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). [11,12] AMF is a main ecolog-ical and economical group of useful soil microorganisms living in colonization with the roots of most plants growing in agricultural and natural ecosystems.…”