Description of Two New Species ofRhinatrema(Amphibia: Gymnophiona) from Brazil and the Return ofEpicrionops nigertoRhinatrema

A new species of Caecilia (Gymnophiona, Caeciliidae) from the Magdalena valley region of Colombia

“…Our analysis recovers Epicrionops aff. parkeri nested within a monophyletic Epicrionops ( E. marmoratus + E. aff. parkeri with 89%), which was sister to Rhinatrema (Fig. 2), corroborating the results obtained by Maciel et al (2018).…”

“…Our study includes, for the first time, the Colombian endemics Epicrionops aff. parkeri (Rhinatrematidae) and Microcaecilia nicefori in molecular phylogenetic analyses. On one hand, recent contributions (Maciel et al 2018) have allowed taxonomic rearrangements within Rhinatrematidae, with Rhinatrema nigrum and R. bivittatum being recovered as monophyletic, supporting previous claims (Wilkinson and Gower 2010; Wilkinson et al 2011; Pyron and Wiens 2011; San Mauro et al 2014) that Epicrionops could be transferred to Rhinatrema . Our analysis recovers Epicrionops aff. parkeri nested within a monophyletic Epicrionops ( E. marmoratus + E. aff. parkeri with 89%), which was sister to Rhinatrema (Fig.…”

A new genus and species of rhinatrematid caecilian (Amphibia: Gymnophiona: Rhinatrematidae) from Ecuador

“…volumegraphics.com) which was used to generate images. Comparisons were made with information on cranial morphology including published (Nussbaum, 1977;Reiss, 1996;Gower et al, 2010) and unpublished observations, illustrations and CT scans of all other rhinatrematid species with the exceptions of the recently described Rhinatrema gilbertogili Maciel, Sampaio, Hoogmoed, andSchneider, 2018 andRhinatrema uaiuai Maciel, Sampaio, Hoogmoed, andSchneider, 2018. CT scan data are available from the senior author upon reasonable request.…”

Descrição morfológica e análise filogenética de uma cecília fóssil (Lissamphibia, Gymnophiona), da bacia de Taubaté, região do Vale do Paraíba, São Paulo

“…Therefore, the terminology Neocaecilia, being anatomically neutral, was proposed to designate this taxon. Typically found in the Neotropics, rhinatrematids encompass two genera (Rhinatrema and Epicrionops), and its monophyly is well-supported by molecular and morphological data (Nussbaum, 1977;Wilkinson, 1992;San Mauro et al, 2014;Maciel et al, 2018). Unique features include the presence of a squamosal notch that articulates with an os basale process, and an opened skull roof in which the paired m. adductores mandibulae externi reach the dorsal skull midline (Nussbaum, 1977;.…”

“…Neocaecilia was recovered as a natural group in most phylogenetic analyses, regardless of the data source and always with a high support values (e.g. Wilkinson, 1997;Pyron & Wiens, 2011;Maddin et al, 2012b;Maciel et al, 2018). Some of the synapomorphies include a long and curved retroarticular process, sides of the paraesphenoid converging laterally, absence of contact between the quadrate and the maxillopalatine, jaw closing muscles, paired m. adductores mandibulae externi not meeting mid-dorsally in skull, narrow and elongated ventricle, bipartite sinus venosus, among others .…”