Descriptions of Orientation in Physical Reasoning

Pani, John R.

doi:10.1111/1467-8721.ep10772884

Cited by 17 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…For example, Parsons (1995) found poor performance in a task where observers predicted the rotational outcome of a single Shepard-Metzler-like object. Similar results have also been reported for predicted outcomes of a rotated square (Pani, 1993(Pani, , 1997Pani & Dupree, 1994).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Updating displays after imagined object and viewer rotations.

Wraga¹,

Creem²,

Proffítt³

2000

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cogni

168

208

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Six experiments compared spatial updating of an array after imagined rotations of the array versus viewer. Participants responded faster and made fewer errors in viewer tasks than in array tasks while positioned outside (Experiment 1) or inside (Experiment 2) the array. An apparent array advantage for updating objects rather than locations was attributable to participants imagining translations of single objects rather than rotations of the array (Experiment 3). Superior viewer performance persisted when the array was reduced to 1 object (Experiment 4); however, an object with a familiar configuration improved object performance somewhat (Experiment 5). Object performance reached near-viewer levels when rotations included haptic information for the turning object. The researchers discuss these findings in terms of the relative differences in which the human cognitive system transforms the spatial reference frames corresponding to each imagined rotation.Suppose you are playing a board game with a group of friends, and you want to know what the board looks like from one of their perspectives, without moving to it. There are two obvious ways to proceed. You could imagine rotating the board until the side corresponding to the new perspective is coincident with your current viewpoint (object rotation). Alternatively, you could imagine moving yourself to the vantage point of the new perspective (viewer rotation). Both operations have been implicated in human beings 1 ability to update objects and scenes across views (e.g.,

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Updating displays after imagined object and viewer rotations.

Wraga¹,

Creem²,

Proffítt³

2000

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cogni

168

208

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…5, SEPTEMBER 1999 457 with Williams syndrome. Note that a weakness in changing spatial organizations implies also a weakness in reasoning about spatial transformations (e.g., Pani, 1997;Pani, Mervis, & Fonaryova Key, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Spatial Organization by Individuals with Williams Syndrome

1999

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Williams syndrome is a genetically determined disorder with a characteristic cognitive profile. Overall IQ tends to be lower than in the normally developing population, performance on measures of linguistic ability is somewhat higher than would be expected given the levels of IQ typical for this group, and there is a particular weakness in visuospatial construction (e.g., block design tasks). A wellknown hypothesis about the deficit in visuospatial construction is that people with Williams syndrome are strongly inclined to be local spatial processors. We report a test of this hypothesis that used a visual search task sensitive to spontaneous global spatial organization. A sample of adults with Williams syndrome produced a pattern of data demonstrating that they spontaneously organize spatial displays at a global level. Indeed, individuals with Williams syndrome found it more difficult to change from global to local processing than participants with normal intelligence. We suggest that the primary problem with visuospatial construction in people with Williams syndrome is not in the salience of single levels of organization but rather in the difficulty of changing between organizations.

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“…For example, the classic studies of Shepard and colleagues established that observers mentally rotate the axes of one object into congruence with those of another object in deciding whether their shapes are similar (e.g., Cooper, 1975;Shepard & Metzler, 1971). Other studies have examined observers' ability to predict the orientational outcome of single objects rotated about multiple axes (e.g., Pani, 1993Pani, ,1997Pani & Dupree, 1994;Parsons, 1995). However, until recently, imagined rotations of the self have received less empirical consideration (e.g., Amorim & Stucchi, 1997;Parsons, 1987a,b;Presson, 1982).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of spatial reference frames on imagined object- and viewer rotations

1999

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The human visual system can represent an object's spatial structure with respect to multiple frames of reference. It can also utilize multiple reference frames to mentally transform such representations. Recent studies have shown that performance on some mental transformations is not equivalent: Imagined object rotations tend to be more dicult than imagined viewer rotations. We reviewed several related research domains to understand this discrepancy in terms of the dierent reference frames associated with each imagined movement. An examination of the mental rotation literature revealed that observersÕ diculties in predicting an objectÕs rotational outcome may stem from a general de®cit with imagining the cohesive rotation of the objectÕs intrinsic frame. Such judgments are thus more reliant on supplementary information provided by other frames, such as the environmental frame. In contrast, as assessed in motor imagery and other studies, imagined rotations of the viewerÕs relative frame are performed cohesively and are thus mostly immune to eects of other frames. Ó 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

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Descriptions of Orientation in Physical Reasoning

Cited by 17 publications

References 17 publications

Updating displays after imagined object and viewer rotations.

Updating displays after imagined object and viewer rotations.

Global Spatial Organization by Individuals with Williams Syndrome

The influence of spatial reference frames on imagined object- and viewer rotations

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