Descriptive Analysis of Antibiotic-Resistant Patterns of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) st398 Isolated from Healthy Swine

Roldán

Zoonoses and Public Health

et al. 2016

The aim of this research was to study the phenotypic resistances to disinfectants and antibiotics in strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) obtained from Canary black pigs. Analyses were performed on 54 strains of MRSA, isolated in Canary black pigs from the province of Tenerife (Spain); all of them carried the mecA gene. The strains were isolated by means of nasal swab samples of healthy pigs, collected under veterinarian supervision. Bactericidal activity of antiseptics and disinfectants was tested by means of the dilution-neutralization method. Susceptibility to the disinfectants glutaraldehyde, peracetic acid and silver nitrate was assessed, as well as to the antiseptics chlorhexidine, benzalkonium chloride and povidone iodine. Susceptibility to a wide array of antibiotics representing the main groups was determined by means of the disc diffusion method. All the strains demonstrated susceptibility to the disinfectants tested at the recommended concentration, and even to dilutions equal to or lesser than 1/16. The most effective antiseptic and disinfectant were, respectively, chlorhexidine and silver nitrate. With regard to the antibiotics, the strains proved to be multiresistant. All presented phenotypic resistance to the β-lactam antibiotics ampicillin, penicillin and cefoxitin, as well as to numerous aminoglycosides, tetracycline and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. It was also observed that 61.1% of the strains were carriers of plasmids. Our results underline that in the strains such as MRSA, which show multiple resistances to antibiotics, the antiseptics and disinfectants show great efficacy. Moreover, as other authors also suggest, for the treatment and prevention of infections caused by MRSA, the use of β-lactam and aminoglycoside antibiotics may be less effective.

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

Phenotypic Resistance to Disinfectants and Antibiotics in Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Pigs

Roldán

Zoonoses and Public Health

et al. 2016

Frontiers in Staphylococcus Aureus

“…Among bovine MRSA isolates tested, most of them were resistant to β-lactam antibiotics [34] as well as tetracycline, erythromycin and gentamicin. CC398 has also been reported to be highly resistant to several other antibiotics, such as ciproloxacin, tobramycin, clindamycin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole [234]. Antimicrobial resistance patterns of MRSA and MSSA isolates in Hong Kong were very similar [81].…”

Section: Antibiotic Resistance and Enterotoxin Genes In La-mrsa Cc398mentioning

confidence: 63%

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Food- Producing and Companion Animals and Food Products

Chon¹,

Sung²,

Khan³

2017

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become a growing concern in companion and food-producing animals. The presence of multidrug-resistance with a wide range of extracellular enterotoxin genes, virulence factors, and Panton-Valentine leukocidin (pvl) cytotoxin genes confer life-threatening traits on MRSA and makes them highly pathogenic and diicult to treat. Clonal complex 398 (CC398), a predominant clonal lineage of livestock-associated-MRSA in domestic animals and retail meat, is capable of infecting humans. In order to monitor and prevent MRSA contamination, it is critical to understand its source and transmission dynamics. In this review, we describe MRSA in food-producing animals (pig, catle, chicken), horses, pet animals (dogs, cats), and food products (pork, beef, chicken, milk, and ish).

“…Detach ® effectively controlled diarrhoea following natural challenge without inducing resistance to antimicrobials in E. coli, but did not lead to the growth advantages observed in NS treated pigs. Chandler DS, Mynott TL (1998) Gut 43, 196-202. doi:10.1136/gut.43.2.196 Mynott TL, Guandalini S, Raimondi F, Fasano A (1997 In Europe, livestock associated (LA) MRSA (ST398) carriage in pig enterprises has emerged as an occupational challenge where a high prevalence has been reported in pig farmers (Cuny et al 2009) and pigs (Morcillo et al 2015). Recently, a high prevalence of MRSA carriage has been found in pigs and people working in a pig farm in Australia, where 84% of total MRSA positive workers (n = 31) were carrying community associated (CA) MRSA (ST93) and 16% LA-MRSA (ST398) (Sahibzada et al 2017).…”

Section: Referencementioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing dietary tryptophan and decreasing other large neutral amino acids increases weight gain and feed intake in weaner pigs infected with Escherichia coli

Sterndale¹,

Miller²,

Mansfield³

et al. 2017

Anim. Prod. Sci.

Intermittent suckling sows and litters suckle, piglets suck (IS), where a sow and her piglets are separated for a period of time each day before weaning, can attenuate weaning-associated villous atrophy in progeny from multiparous sows (Berkeveld et al. 2009). The effect of such a management strategy on progeny from primiparous sows might be different given differences in gastrointestinal (GIT) function at weaning (Cottrell et al. 2017). Sugar absorption tests (SAT) using mannitol (MAN) and galactose (GAL) were used to assess GIT morphology with results validated using standard histological methods. Mannitol and GAL are usually absorbed in vivo across the epithelium via transcellular passive or active pathways, respectively. It was hypothesised that (1) MAN and GAL SAT would detect GIT changes at weaning, and (2) changes would be less profound in IS pigs from primiparous sows due to habituation with creep feed and maternal separation in lactation.Gilt litters (n = 15), Large White x Landrace, were allocated to one of three weaning regimes: (1) conventional weaning (CW), where piglets had continuous access to the sow until weaning at 26.4 AE 1.34 days (mean AE s.d.), (2) IS, where piglets were separated from the sow for 16 h overnight (0700 to 1500 h) for three nights before weaning (IS16), and (3) IS for 8 h per day (0700 to 1500 h) for 6 days before weaning (IS8). Creep feed was offered ad libitum from 10 days of age. At weaning, litters were mixed within treatment and housed in pens of 9.8 AE 0.41. Two hours (d 0) and 4 days after weaning one piglet per pen was selected, fasted for 3 h and given an oral dose of 20% MAN (2.5 mL/kg bodyweight (BW)) and 20% GAL (2.5 mL/kg BW). A blood sample was taken 20 min later. Pigs were then killed and the jejunum was removed for histological examination. Plasma MAN, GAL and jejunum villous height were compared between treatments using the GLM procedures of SPSS (v22.0, IBM, Armonk, NY, USA). No differences in SAT between treatments were found (P > 0.05), hence data were combined to compare SAT data with GIT histology. Quadratic regressions (y = a +bx+ cx 2 ) were calculated for all relationships.Plasma MAN and GAL were highly correlated with the jejunum villous height (r = 0.76, P < 0.001 and r = 0.73, P < 0.001 respectively), with all measures decreasing 4 days after weaning compared with the day of weaning (P < 0.05; Fig. 1). These results suggest that MAN and GAL (as single marker probes) are effective measures of changes in small intestine surface area, which supports the first hypothesis. However, given IS8 pigs had the lowest villous height (P < 0.01; Fig. 1C) compared with the other treatment groups 4 days after weaning, there may be some limitations to MAN and GAL SAT when differences between treatments are more subtle. Furthermore, IS did not improve GIT morphological adaptation to weaning in progeny from primiparous dams, with IS8 pigs performing worse than CW pigs with respect to villous height in the immediate post-weaning period. Therefore, our second hypothesis...