Desensitizing nano powders to electrostatic discharge ignition

Steelman, Ryan; Clark, Billy; Pantoya, Michelle L.; Heaps, Ronald J.; Daniels, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.elstat.2015.05.008

Cited by 20 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 11 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In the literature, the mitigation of the sensitivity of the nanothermites is addressed either by acting on the fuel (especially when aluminum is used), modifying the particle size, and changing the alumina/aluminum ratio constituting the fuel particles, or inserting a third compound (desensitizer) within the conventional binary fuel/oxidizer energetic mixture . With regards to the use of an additive, different kinds of carbonaceous compounds (carbon black, graphite, nanotubes, nanofibers, graphene, and nanodiamonds), polymers (polytetrafluoroethylene and polyaniline) and inorganic species (molybdenum sulfide) have been tested, and many of them have a positive effect on the electrostatic discharge (spark) desensitization as well as a lesser effect toward mechanical stress such as friction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the conducting properties of desensitizers are exploited when the energetic composite is submitted to the spark test, their lubricant properties are solicited during the friction phenomena. The different compounds were added either as “isolated/individual” nanoparticles within the fuel/oxidizer energetic composite or through the synthesis of a desensitizer/oxidizer or a desensitizer/fuel composite before it was mixed with the fuel or the metal oxide to form the final energetic mixture. The use of polyaniline conducting polymer (PAni) as an additive is particularly interesting and promising, as reported by Gibot et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

SnO₂–polyaniline composites for the desensitization of Al/SnO₂ thermite composites

Gibot

Goetz

2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Nanothermites consisting of a reducing metal and a metal oxide nanopowder represent a new generation of energetic materials in pyrotechnics due to their impressive reactive properties. However, their extreme sensitivity regarding electrostatic discharge appears to be detrimental to their future practical applications. Herein, the mitigation of the sensitivity thresholds of the aluminium/tin (IV) oxide energetic nanocomposite is successfully achieved by using a conducting polymer, polyaniline (PAni). PAni was introduced within the thermite by the chemical polymerization of an oxidizer/PAni hybrid matrix. The SnO 2 -PAni composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, electrical conductivity measurements, and transmission electron microscopy. The derived Al/SnO 2 -PAni thermites were investigated in terms of sensitivities and reactivity. Results revealed gradual desensitization of the Al/SnO 2 thermite as a function of the concentration of PAni for both the electrostatic discharge (0.14-1212 mJ) and friction (216-360 N) tests while maintaining reactive energetic composites. This work presents a way for the preparation of insensitive and reactive energetic formulations.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SnO₂–polyaniline composites for the desensitization of Al/SnO₂ thermite composites

Gibot

Goetz

2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Influence of Stoichiometry on the Thrust and Heat Deposition of On-Chip Nanothermites 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 bility in the heating performance of the fuel-rich nAl-CuO can also be attributed to the significant decrease in their sensitivity to electrostatic discharge [26]. The reduction in electrostatic sensitivity could increase ignition delays, changing the overall ignition time of each sample prepared at such conditions.…”

Section: Thermal Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Stoichiometry on the Thrust and Heat Deposition of On‐Chip Nanothermites

Ramachandran

Vuppuluri

Fleck

et al. 2018

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Currently, there is very little systematic work quantifying the thrust or heat applied to an electronic circuit or other substrate by a deposited layer of energetic material. A better understanding of the interactions between nanoscale energetic materials and electronic systems, as a function of stoichiometry, is needed. For this purpose, formulations of nAl-CuO and nAl-Bi 2 O 3 nanothermites were prepared at different equivalence ratios and selectively deposited onto electronic circuit analogues (silicon wafers) and the amounts of thrust production and heat deposition were measured. Both nanothermite systems produced maximum thrust near stoichiometric ratios, accom-panied by a shock wave, with minimal thermal effects due to large gas production, which ejects the hot products of the substrates. Conversely, more fuel-rich mixtures led to significantly decreased thrust while increasing heat deposition due to the lower gas production, which allowed more heat to diffuse to the substrates. This shows that the energetic material response can be tuned between thrust or heat deposition by just varying the equivalence ratio. The conductive heat transfer within the silicon substrates from the nAl-CuO system increased more than the nAl-Bi 2 O 3 system at fuel rich conditions due to its higher heat of combustion.

show abstract

“…Additives are components of the energetic system that may not radically change reaction chemistry but influence targeted properties. One additive gaining popularity for use in thermite systems is carbon nanotubes (CNTs), which have been shown to influence thermal conductivity and diffusivity, impact sensitivity, electrostatic discharge (ESD) sensitivity, electrical conductivity, optical ignition sensitivity, and flame speeds of loose powder and compacted pellets of energetic materials [23][24][25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Armstrong [23] modeled flame speeds through random particulate media with no gas generation and demonstrated that thermophysical properties of the matrix are key parameters controlling the flame speed in the second-order reaction dynamics of the global combustion reaction. Particles such as CNTs have been shown to influence the thermal [24] and electrical properties of composites [25,27]. Thus, the current work will investigate percolation in thermal and electrical properties of 3D extruded Mg∕MnO 2 /CNT thin films and the corresponding flame speed and ignition delay during combustion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal and Combustion Properties of Energetic Thin Films with Carbon Nanotubes

Smith

Cano

Pantoya

et al. 2017

Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The effect of varying carbon nanotube concentration on ignition delay, flame speed, and electrical and thermal conductivity of three-dimensional printable energetic thin films made of magnesium and manganese oxide was investigated. Polyvinylidene fluoride was used as the binder for depositing the stoichiometric Mg∕MnO 2 mixture into thin films with an average thickness of 200 μm using an extrusion-based blade-casting method. Four films with a 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 wt % carbon nanotube were prepared. The ignition delay and flame speed of the films were measured using high-speed imaging techniques. Electrical and thermal conductivities were also measured. Results show that the inclusion of a 1.5 wt % carbon nanotube in the Mg∕MnO 2 /polyvinylidene fluoride films improved their flame speed by 440% and electrical conductance by two orders of magnitude (from 4.23 to 655.33 nS) and decreased ignition delay by 87.2%. Interconnectivity of carbon nanotubes in the films was estimated using a basic percolation model. Films with a 1.5 wt % carbon nanotube demonstrated the highest interconnectivity, which aided improved thermal and electrical energy transport, thereby improving combustion performance. The development of three-dimensional extruded thin films with tailorable thermal and combustion parameters is a precursor for the additive manufacturing of energetic materials.

show abstract

Desensitizing nano powders to electrostatic discharge ignition

Cited by 20 publications

References 11 publications

SnO₂–polyaniline composites for the desensitization of Al/SnO₂ thermite composites

SnO₂–polyaniline composites for the desensitization of Al/SnO₂ thermite composites

Influence of Stoichiometry on the Thrust and Heat Deposition of On‐Chip Nanothermites

Thermal and Combustion Properties of Energetic Thin Films with Carbon Nanotubes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Desensitizing nano powders to electrostatic discharge ignition

Cited by 20 publications

References 11 publications

SnO2–polyaniline composites for the desensitization of Al/SnO2 thermite composites

SnO2–polyaniline composites for the desensitization of Al/SnO2 thermite composites

Influence of Stoichiometry on the Thrust and Heat Deposition of On‐Chip Nanothermites

Thermal and Combustion Properties of Energetic Thin Films with Carbon Nanotubes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

SnO₂–polyaniline composites for the desensitization of Al/SnO₂ thermite composites

SnO₂–polyaniline composites for the desensitization of Al/SnO₂ thermite composites