Desert boundaries: the once and future Gobi

Abstract

When Marco Polo journeyed to the court of Kublai Khan in 1271 he traversed a great sandy desert filled with 'extraordinary illusions' that became known as the Gobi desert. The continued use of term Gobi, first appearing in 1706, is a rare case of Mongolian ascendancy over the Chinese. Exploration of the Gobi as a mapping term seeks to understand how the desert was conceptualised and identified as a geographical region, an economic sphere and a political presence. Historically contested between China and Russia with Mongolia as a proxy, the desert is now home to 25 million people, mineral wealth and rapid development. As attention increases and the strategic region integrates into global systems, knowledge of the perceived desert boundaries becomes germane. In our era of data and demarcation with place names used to confer prior possession we examine how the Mongolian term 'gobi' rather than the Chinese equivalent 'shamo' prevailed. China dominates the region without asserting physical control; in fact, the term 'Gobi desert' is not recognised in China's geographical lexicon. Does past suzerainty offer insight to the present and potential future scenarios in the desert? New contextualisation presents the Gobi as a multi-dimensional space that, rather than a past construction, portends an emergent consciousness no longer isolated and insulated from regional and global currents.

Remarkable effects of microbial factors on soil phosphorus bioavailability: A country‐scale study

“…In total, 29 agroecosystems (mainly paddy fields) and 40 natural ecosystems (including 27 forests, 9 grasslands and 4 Gobi deserts) were sampled. Gobi is a major type of desert and located mainly in East Asia (Sternberg, 2015). At each study site, we collected three soil samples for each ecosystem type at a depth of 0-20 cm and each soil sample was collected from three randomly distributed spots.…”

Contraction of the Gobi Desert, 2000–2012

“…The Gobi, one of the world's largest deserts, was first named in 1706 yet today remains ill-defined [16,17]. Limited and localised research and little cross-border cooperation between China and Mongolia has contributed to a lack of data and poorly documented desert boundaries.…”

Herd It in the Gobi: Deserting Pastoralism?

“…Mongolia's Gobi Desert was filled with "extraordinary illusions" according to Marco Polo, was mapped by Mercator, explored by von Humboldt and collectivised by the Soviets [1]. Throughout these epochs, nomadic pastoralism and animal husbandry have been the principal livelihood in rural Mongolia.…”