Desflurane in paediatric anaesthesia

Abstract

Summa yDespite the low blood-gas coefficient of desflurane, inhalational induction is deIayed by airway complications in paediatric practice. A slow induction technique reduces airway complications in adults. The aim of this study was to examine the use of desflurane for paediatric anaesthesia and to reduce airway complications with a slow induction technique. Sixty children (age range, 1 month to 12 years) were anaesthetized with 3% desflurane, increased by 1 % every minute until anaesthesia was adequate for tracheal intubation. Anaesthesia was maintained with oxygen, nitrous oxide, and desflurane delivered by mechanical ventilation. During induction of anaesthesia, the incidence of moderate to severe coughing was 20%, breath-holding 14%, and laryngospasm 31 %. Blood pressure fell significantly ( P < 0.05) from baseline after induction of anaesthesia and remained at this level during anaesthesia. Heart rate was stable in children less than six years, but increased significantly in older children. There were no significant airway problems during recovery from anaesthesia. Recovery time was rapid: the time to awakening was 10.2 min and to discharge from the recovery room, 29.2 min. Although desflurane is not an ideal anaesthetic agent for inhalational induction in children, it maintains stable anaesthesia and provides rapid smooth recovery.

An assessment of desflurane for use during cardiac electrophysiological study and radiofrequency ablation of supraventricular dysrhythmias in children

“…Mannion et al . (11) previously reported a similar drop in mean arterial pressure and increased heart rate in patients over 6 years of age who were receiving desflurane. This was corrected with administration of intravenous fluids.…”