Desiccant Enhanced Evaporative Air-Conditioning (DEVap): Evaluation of a New Concept in Ultra Efficient Air Conditioning

Kozubal, Eric; Woods, Jason; Burch, Jay; Boranian, Aaron; Merrigan, Tim

doi:10.2172/1004010

Cited by 38 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…For commercial buildings, the building energy simulations showed 80% and 40% source energy savings in a typical office building in Phoenix and Houston, respectively, compared to a high-efficiency vapor compression AC (Kozubal et al 2011). …”

Section: Executive Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The DEVAP AC energy performance was calculated with the numerical model in Kozubal et al (2011). We compared this model with the calculated energy use of the two conditioner prototypes for each test we performed.…”

Section: Energy Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The DH + IEC test points are for standard mode, which are shown more closely in Figure 3-14. Explanations of cooling modes and source energy conversion are included in Kozubal et al (2011). The COP unit of the system improves when dehumidification is turned off (IEC mode).…”

Section: Energy Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The water use was not optimized in the analysis presented by Kozubal et al (2011). The firststage HMX was used as an IEC during hot and dry periods.…”

Section: Ailr (Dh + Iec)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous numerical modeling and building energy simulations indicate a DEVAP AC can save significant energy compared to a conventional vapor compression AC (Kozubal et al 2011). The purposes of this research were to build DEVAP prototypes, test them to validate the numerical model, and identify potential commercialization barriers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development and Analysis of Desiccant Enhanced Evaporative Air Conditioner Prototype

Kozubal¹,

Woods²,

Judkoff³

2012

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NOTICEThis report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government. Neither the United States government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States government or any agency thereof. AcknowledgmentsWe wish to acknowledge the efforts of many industry experts who provided valuable knowledge and support in developing the prototype desiccant enhanced evaporative air conditioner (DEVAP AC):We would like to acknowledge Andrew Lowenstein from AIL Research for participating in project planning, design, and prototype development. Throughout the project, Andrew provided invaluable guidance and supporting analysis. His expertise was instrumental in the success of this project.We would like to acknowledge Dylan Garrett, Ian Graves, and Redwood Stephens from Synapse Product Development for participating in a design and prototype development. Throughout the project, the Synapse team provided excellent guidance in manufacturing design. Their design team was instrumental to the success of this project.We would like to acknowledge John Pellegrino from the University of Colorado at Boulder for his extensive knowledge of design and testing of membrane systems, Dave Paulson from Water Think Tank for his insight into the membrane component manufacturing industry and selection of industry vendors, and Michael Brandemuehl from the University of Colorado at Boulder for his experience with heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning systems and desiccants.We would like to acknowledge Jay Burch for his guidance in planning and executing this project.We would like to acknowledge Aaron Boranian for his assistance in analysis of the two-stage regenerator.We would like to acknowledge Jordan Clark from the University of Texas for his analysis of air flow through the second-stage heat and mass exchanger using computational fluid dynamics.We would like to thank the NREL peer review team: Bill Livingood, Michael Deru, Paul Torcellini, Dane Christiansen, and Ren Anderson.We would like to thank Stephanie Woodward for her editorial review.We would like to thank Alexis Abramson, Colin McCormick, and Tony Bouza from the U.S. Department of Energy for their support of the DEVAP prototype project.ii Executive SummaryIn FY 2010, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) used numerical models and building energy simulations to analyze the performance of a DEVAP AC ...

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Section: Executive Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Energy Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Energy Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The water use was not optimized in the analysis presented by Kozubal et al (2011). The firststage HMX was used as an IEC during hot and dry periods.…”

Section: Ailr (Dh + Iec)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development and Analysis of Desiccant Enhanced Evaporative Air Conditioner Prototype

Kozubal¹,

Woods²,

Judkoff³

2012

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Review on Polymer Materials for Solid Desiccant Cooling System

Liu,

Sundarrajan,

Kumar

et al. 2023

Macro Materials & Eng

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As an alternative form of vapor compression air conditioning devices, solid desiccant cooling (SDC) techniques have increasingly been explored recently. The overall performances of SDC primarily rely on the capability of dehumidification and regeneration of desiccant. A desiccant with a great uptake capability and excellent regeneration potential is preferred in an SDC system. Although traditional desiccants like silica gels and zeolites are able to absorb moisture at moderate levels, hygroscopic polymers show a superior ability in moisture sorption and desorption. Significant research has been conducted to investigate the hygroscopic polymers in SDC for household and industrial applications. Here, first, an introduction to SDC systems is presented, and then hygroscopic polymers from natural and synthetic origins are discussed. Synthetic polymers discussed are metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs), amorphous porous organic polymers (POPs), polyelectrolytes, and polymer‐based composites. Their dehumidification behaviors in SDC systems, primarily desiccant‐coated heat exchanger (DCHE) systems, are compared and summarized. Binders employed in SDC systems are also summarized, as a proper binder enhances the overall performance of the desiccant system. It can be anticipated that hygroscopic polymers and binder materials would witness extensive applications in the future.

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A Novel SOFC Tri-generation System for Building Applications

Elmer

2017

Springer Theses

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i AbstractIn response to the critical need to decarbonise the built environment, alternative methods for more effective energy utilisation need to be explored including trigeneration systems.Tri-generation is the simultaneous generation of electricity, heating and/or cooling from a single fuel source. Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and liquid desiccant demonstrate many characteristics that make them an attractive option in the development of an efficient and effective tri-generation system. SOFCs have high operational electrical efficiencies and a thermal output in good agreement with the low temperature regeneration requirement of liquid desiccants.The aim of this thesis is to design, develop and test an efficient and effective proof of concept tri-generation system based on SOFC and liquid desiccant air conditioning technology for building applications. An extensive review of the literature shows that no previous work has been reported on such a system. The research has critically examined, both theoretically and experimentally, the novel tri-generation system concept.Simulations show tri-generation system efficiencies of up to 71% are achievable at a 1.5kW e capacity, which are encouraging values for a system of this size. An integration analysis, based on empirical data, provides good agreement with the simulations. At a 1.5kW e output, a tri-generation efficiency of 69% has been demonstrated. The inclusion of liquid desiccant air conditioning provides an efficiency increase of up to 15% compared to SOFC electrical operation only, demonstrating the merit of the novel tri-generation system in applications that require simultaneous electrical power, heating and dehumidification/cooling. An experimental system, using a micro-tubular SOFC shows the novel system can generate 150W of electrical power, 443W of heat or 279W of cooling. Instantaneous tri-generation system efficiency is low at around 25%. This is primarily due to the low capacity and poor performance of the micro-tubular SOFC. Although the performance is low, the experimental results demonstrate regeneration of a potassium formate desiccant solution using the thermal output from the microtubular SOFC in the first of its kind tri-generation system. The thesis has established that a clear operational advantage of the novel SOFC liquid desiccant Abstract f ii tri-generation system is the potential for nonsynchronous operation. The constant SOFC thermal output can be used to re-concentrate the desiccant solution as a form of thermal energy storage. Unlike thermal storage techniques based on sensible energy, a significant advantage of (chemical) thermal energy storage in the form of strong desiccant solution is that there are minimal losses over time.Using this nonsynchronous operating concept, the experimental system can generate an increased peak cooling output of up to 527W and a daily tri-generation efficiency of 38%.An economic assessment demonstrates questionable performance; however this is anticipated to improve with SOFC capital cost reduct...

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Desiccant Enhanced Evaporative Air-Conditioning (DEVap): Evaluation of a New Concept in Ultra Efficient Air Conditioning

Cited by 38 publications

References 8 publications

Development and Analysis of Desiccant Enhanced Evaporative Air Conditioner Prototype

Development and Analysis of Desiccant Enhanced Evaporative Air Conditioner Prototype

Review on Polymer Materials for Solid Desiccant Cooling System

A Novel SOFC Tri-generation System for Building Applications

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