Design and Application of Highly Efficient Flame Retardants for Polycarbonate Combining the Advantages of Cyclotriphosphazene and Silicone Oil

Wang, Jiazhao; Wang, Yanbin; Luo, Zhonglin; Qi, Tianyi; Qiao, Yihui; Zou, Menghao; Wang, Biaobing

doi:10.3390/polym11071155

Cited by 25 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Several cyclotriphosphazene derivatives with excellent properties have been synthesized by replacing Cl atoms of HCCP [ 25 , 26 ]. Before this, halogen was used as a flame retardant substance, but it is reported that these halides release toxic and corrosive substances during their decomposition and cause environmental problems [ 27 ]. Therefore, it is necessary to develop halogen-free and environment-friendly flame retardants to improve flame retardancy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Synthesis, Structural, Flame Retardancy and Dielectric Properties of Hexasubstituted Cyclotriphosphazene

2021

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Hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene is a ring compound consisting of an alternating phosphorus and nitrogen atom with two chlorine substituents attached to the phosphorus atom. The six chlorine atoms attached to this cyclo compound can be substituted with any different nucleophile that leads to changes in different chemical and physical properties. The major topics that were investigated in this research are the flame retardancy and dielectric properties of cyclotriphosphazene compounds. Cyclotriphosphazene compounds have high potential to act as a flame retardant, and this compound consists of two active elements attributed to its high flame-retardant character. This compound also demonstrated good ability as a flame retardant due to its low toxicity and less smoke produced. In addition, cyclotriphosphazene compounds were also investigated for their dielectric properties. Cyclotriphosphazene has high potential in the electrical field since it has dielectric properties that can be widely studied in the investigation of any potential application. This review presented literature studies focused on recent research development and studies in the field of cyclotriphosphazene that focused on synthesis, structural, flame retardancy, and dielectric properties of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene compounds.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Synthesis, Structural, Flame Retardancy and Dielectric Properties of Hexasubstituted Cyclotriphosphazene

2021

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“…Flame retardant bisphenol-A based polycarbonate (PC) has been widely used in the electronic industry thanks to its balanced physical properties and flame retardancy [1][2][3]. The flame retardancy of PC has been frequently accomplished by incorporating a small amount of sulfonate salts [4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Extremely Efficient Silylated Benzensulfonate Flame Retardant for Polycarbonate

Yao

Cao

et al. 2020

Materials

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An extremely efficient flame retardant with low water solubility has been developed for bisphenol-A based polycarbonate. Potassium trimethylsilylbenzenesulfonate (KTSS) combining trimethylsilyl and sulfonate groups in its molecule is 7 times less water soluble and 5 times more effective in flame retardancy than potassium benzenesulfonylbenzenesulfonate (KSS), the commercial workhorse for polycarbonate (PC). At a loading of 0.02%, KTSS enables PC to achieve a solid UL-94 V0 rating and a limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 34.4%, representing an increase of 8.5 units. The extremely high efficiency of KTSS stems from its great migration ability to the burning polymer surface facilitated by trimethylsilyl group, its timely release of active alkaline species that promote the charring process of PC, and the stabilization of char by silicon. In addition to the exceptional flame retardancy, PC/KTSS retains excellent physical properties of PC.

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“…For the preparation of cyclotriphosphazene-containing materials, hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene is commonly used as starting precursor, followed by the substitution of chlorine atoms using (mostly) organic side groups. Moreover, cyclotriphosphazenes can be functionalized for example with various alkoxysilanes to increase their introduction in the sol-gel process [ 19 , 20 , 21 ], particularly, for various promising applications as bio-applied dendrimers [ 17 ], in photoelectronics [ 22 ] and as flame retardants [ 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Porous Microparticles Based on a Single Organosilica Cyclophosphazene Precursor

Poscher

Pappas

Brüggemann

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Porous organosilica microparticles consisting of silane-derived cyclophosphazene bridges were synthesized by a surfactant-mediated sol-gel process. Starting from the substitution of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene with allylamine, two different precursors were obtained by anchoring three or six alkoxysilane units, via a thiol-ene photoaddition reaction. In both cases, spherical, microparticles (size average of ca. 1000 nm) with large pores were obtained, confirmed by both, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Particles synthesized using the partially functionalized precursor containing free vinyl groups were further functionalized with a thiol-containing molecule. While most other reported mesoporous organosilica particles are essentially hybrids with tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), a unique feature of these particles is that structural control is achieved by exclusively using organosilane precursors. This allows an increase in the proportion of the co-components and could springboard these novel phosphorus-containing organosilica microparticles for different areas of technology.

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Design and Application of Highly Efficient Flame Retardants for Polycarbonate Combining the Advantages of Cyclotriphosphazene and Silicone Oil

Cited by 25 publications

References 43 publications

A Review on Synthesis, Structural, Flame Retardancy and Dielectric Properties of Hexasubstituted Cyclotriphosphazene

A Review on Synthesis, Structural, Flame Retardancy and Dielectric Properties of Hexasubstituted Cyclotriphosphazene

An Extremely Efficient Silylated Benzensulfonate Flame Retardant for Polycarbonate

Hybrid Porous Microparticles Based on a Single Organosilica Cyclophosphazene Precursor

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