“…Due to the controllable and varied physical properties of smart materials, they are also used for living infrastructures, mechanical structures, and seismic vibration controls for decades . Smart materials and structures that possess electromechanical characteristics have been widely used for active vibration control or semi-active vibration control, such as piezoelectric damper [4][5][6][7][8], eddy current damper [9], magnetostrictive spring [10], magneto-rheological fluid (MRF) damper [11][12][13], electro-rheological fluid (ERF) damper [14][15][16][17], shape memory alloy (SMA) [18][19][20][21], and electromagnetic and piezoelectric shunt damper [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35]. Smart materials have one or more properties changed by the external stimuli, such as temperature, stress, electric field or magnetic field.…”