“…Co., Ltd., Busan, Korea), load cell (FUTEK, Irvine, CA, USA), laser displacement sensor (Keyence, Osaka, Japan), thermocouple (OMEGA Engineering Inc., Seoul, Korea), linear stage (SCIENCETOWN, Incheon, Korea), power supply (Tektronix Inc., Beaverton, OR, USA) and data acquisition system (National Instruments, Austin, TX, USA). Before the test, the solenoid was fixed to the linear stage, which can move vertically to adjust the distances between magnetic poles [20]. To measure the attractive force of the plunger generated by the magnetization of the core, the load cell was placed on the same central axis as the fixed solenoid, and plunger A was fastened to the load cell to measure the attractive force.…”