Design and development of a novel, integrated bowling machine for cricket

Justham, Laura; West, Andrew A.

doi:10.1243/17543371jset50

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…9 This is particularly important, as the orientation of the ball and the direction in which the ball is spinning provides the batsman with visual cues pertaining to delivery type. 32 Training systems at present tend to provide the relevant ball speed requirements, but do not provide the correct spin conditions required.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By combining all the data measured during testing for both spin and pace bowlers it is possible to establish the operating range in which a bowling machine must perform if it is to replicate the level of human performance seen during testing and augment match play information to provide spin information about the ball deliveries. 9 This is particularly important, as the orientation of the ball and the direction in which the ball is spinning provides the batsman with visual cues pertaining to delivery type. 32 Training systems at present tend to provide the relevant ball speed requirements, but do not provide the correct spin conditions required.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The research into match performance and the next generation bowling machine (strands (b) and (c) above) are reported elsewhere. [8][9][10] Within the game of cricket there are many different categories of deliveries 11,12 that can be generalized into two distinct styles of bowling: pace and spin. Bowlers typically specialize in one of these disciplines, which that are easiest to differentiate between by measuring the release speed and spin imparted (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The research into match performance and the next generation bowling machine (strands (b) and (c) above) are reported elsewhere. 8–10…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Three-dimensional vision analysis to measure the release characteristics of elite bowlers in cricket

Cork

Justham

West

2012

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P:

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Cricket is a sport played internationally in over 100 countries. Two teams face one another in a match, each taking it in turns to bat and field. In the fielding side, bowlers deliver the ball to the batsman who then responds by hitting the ball away. Batting and bowling are complex and dynamic skills which must be practised at length in training. However, due to the demanding nature of bowling, batsmen can train against a machine to face sufficient numbers of deliveries. An advanced training machine is under development at Loughborough University that is capable of delivering technically correct bowling deliveries in a repeatable manner. However, in order to monitor that the machine is generating accurate deliveries, a study to quantify the variability in the delivery parameters of bowlers has been undertaken, and the results are presented in this paper. Eight spin bowlers and ten pace bowlers have been studied. Each bowler was asked to deliver up to five balls, and the results have been analysed and presented. It has been found that the range of ball release speed varies from 17.5-35.0 m/s, the rate of spin imparted by the bowler varies from 11.44-231.22 rad/s, the launch angle of the ball varies from 9.7°above the horizontal to 19.2°below the horizontal and the launch position on the wicket varies from 1.97-2.38 m in height, 61.95 m in width and 0.36-1.79 m from the bowler's stumps.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The research into match performance and the next generation bowling machine (strands (b) and (c) above) are reported elsewhere. 8–10…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Three-dimensional vision analysis to measure the release characteristics of elite bowlers in cricket

Cork

Justham

West

2012

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P:

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“…In a more detailed study, Symes (2006) assessed the relationships between impact location and post-impact ball speed, bat torsion, and ball direction in a range of bat designs. In the experimental protocol, a ball launcher (Justham & West, 2009) was used to project a cricket ball horizontally into impact with a freely suspended cricket bat. An optimal impact location was found in the longitudinal direction of approximately 17 cm from the toe of the bat, with impacts further towards the handle and toe of the bat resulting in a linear reduction in ACOR.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationships between impact location and post-impact ball speed, bat torsion, and ball direction in cricket batting

Peploe

McErlain-Naylor

Harland

et al. 2017

Journal of Sports Sciences

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Three-dimensional kinematic data of bat and ball were recorded for 239 individual shots performed by twenty batsmen ranging from club to international standard. The impact location of the ball on the bat face was determined and assessed against the resultant instantaneous post-impact ball speed and measures of post-impact bat torsion and ball direction. Significant negative linear relationships were found between post-impact ball speed and the absolute distance of impact from the midline medio-laterally and sweetspot longitudinally. Significant cubic relationships were found between the distance of impact from the midline of the bat medio-laterally and both a measure of bat torsion and the post-impact ball direction. A "sweet region" on the bat face was identified whereby impacts within 2 cm of the sweetspot in the medio-lateral direction, and 4.5 cm in the longitudinal direction, caused reductions in ball speed of less than 6% from the optimal value, and deviations in ball direction of less than 10° from the intended target. This study provides a greater understanding of the margin for error afforded to batsmen, allowing researchers to assess shot success in more detail, and highlights the importance of players generating consistently central impact locations when hitting for optimal performance.

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Surface electromyographic analysis of the biceps brachii muscle of cricket bowlers during bowling

Ahamed

Sundaraj

Ahmad

et al. 2014

Australas Phys Eng Sci Med

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Cricket bowling generates forces with torques on the upper limb muscles and makes the biceps brachii (BB) muscle vulnerable to overuse injury. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there are differences in the amplitude of the EMG signal of the BB muscle during fast and spin delivery, during the seven phases of both types of bowling and the kinesiological interpretation of the bowling arm for muscle contraction mechanisms during bowling. A group of 16 male amateur bowlers participated in this study, among them 8 fast bowlers (FB) and 8 spin bowlers (SB). The root mean square (EMGRMS), the average sEMG (EMGAVG), the maximum peak amplitude (EMGpeak), and the variability of the signal were calculated using the coefficient of variance (EMGCV) from the BB muscle of each bowler (FB and SB) during each bowling phase. The results demonstrate that, (i) the BB muscle is more active during FB than during SB, (ii) the point of ball release and follow-through generated higher signals than the other five movements during both bowling categories, (iii) the BB muscle variability is higher during SB compared with FB, (iv) four statistically significant differences (p<0.05) found between the bowling phases in fast bowling and three in spin bowling, and (v) several arm mechanics occurred for muscle contraction. There are possible clinical significances from the outcomes; like, recurring dynamic contractions on BB muscle can facilitate to clarify the maximum occurrence of shoulder pain as well as biceps tendonitis those are medically observed in professional cricket bowlers, and treatment methods with specific injury prevention programmes should focus on the different bowling phases with the maximum muscle effect. Finally, these considerations will be of particular importance in assessing different physical therapy on bowler's muscle which can improve the ball delivery performance and stability of cricket bowlers.

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Design and development of a novel, integrated bowling machine for cricket

Cited by 5 publications

References 7 publications

Three-dimensional vision analysis to measure the release characteristics of elite bowlers in cricket

Three-dimensional vision analysis to measure the release characteristics of elite bowlers in cricket

The relationships between impact location and post-impact ball speed, bat torsion, and ball direction in cricket batting

Surface electromyographic analysis of the biceps brachii muscle of cricket bowlers during bowling

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