Design and Electrochemical Characterization of Spiral Electrochemical Notification Coupled Electrode (SENCE) Platform for Biosensing Application

Abstract

C-reactive protein (CRP) is considered to be an important biomarker associated with many diseases. During any physiological inflammation, the level of CRP reaches its peak at 48 h, whereas its half-life is around 19 h. Hence, the detection of low-level CRP is an important task for the prognostic management of diseases like cancer, stress, metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and so on. There are various techniques available in the market to detect low-level CRP like ELISA, Western blot, etc. An electrochemical biosensor is one of the important miniaturized platforms which provides sensitivity along with ease of operation. The most important element of an electrochemical biosensor platform is the electrode which, upon functionalization with a probe, captures the selective antibody–antigen interaction and produces a digital signal in the form of potential/current. Optimization of the electrode design can increase the sensitivity of the sensor by 5–10-fold. Herein, we come up with a new sensor design called the spiral electrochemical notification coupled electrode (SENCE) where the working electrode (WE) is concentric in nature, which shows better response than the market-available standard screen-printed electrode. The sensor is thoroughly characterized using a standard Ferro/Ferri couple. The sensing performance of the fabricated platform is also characterized by the detection of standard H2O2 using a diffusion-driven technique, and a low detection limit of 15 µM was achieved. Furthermore, we utilized the platform to detect a low level (100 ng/mL) of CRP in synthetic sweat. The manuscript provides emphasis on the design of a sensor that can offer good sensitivity in electrochemical biosensing applications.

Editorial for the Special Issue on Biosensors and MEMS-Based Diagnostic Applications

“…The obtained results were comparable to the electric field gradients previously reported for successful interactions with larger molecules, such as proteins and antibodies [2]. Sardesai and coworkers reported on the design and electrochemical characterization of a spiral electrochemical notification coupled electrode platform for biosensing applications [3]. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are biological fuel cells based on the oxidation of fuels by electrogenic bacteria to generate an electric current in electrochemical cells.Şen-Dogan et al proposed a new approach for the enhancement of the start-up time for microliter-scale microbial fuel cells (µMFCs) via the surface modification of gold electrodes [4].…”

“…In total, nine papers are published in this Special Issue, covering biosensors and MEMS-based diagnostics applications [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. In particular, Dou et al fabricated a wearable contact lens sensor for non-invasive continuous monitoring of intraocular pressure (IOP) [1].…”

Mxene-Assisted Organic Electrochemical Transistor Biosensor With Multiple Spiral Interdigitated Electrodes for Sensitive Determination of fPSA/tPSA.

“…Previous researchers have reported interdigitated structure to improve the ratio of W/L without signi cantly increasing device area, which validated the feasibility of interdigitated architecture for ampli cation of OECTs biosensors [18,19]. Meanwhile, electrodes with multiple spiral have been reported for biosensing applications due to the unique structure [20,21]. However, the OECTs with interdigitated multiple spiral hasn't reported for the biosensing of fPSA/tPSA.…”

Advancement in biosensors for inflammatory biomarkers of SARS-CoV-2 during 2019–2020

“…All these reports mainly focused on increasing the linear range of the sensor rather than a low detection limit. The biosensing platform in these reports were fabricated using poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA) brushes ( Kanyong et al, 2020 ), nickel immersion gold ( Sardesai and Dhamu, 2020 ) and rGO/Ni/PtNPs ( Molinero-Fernández et al, 2020a ). Of these, the use of rGO/Ni/PtNPs based immunoassays was demonstrated for a microfluidic based method.…”