“…The low efficiency was due to factors such as magnetic flux leakage from the solenoid and heating of the electromagnet, among other conditions, concluding in the same way in the work of Rahman et al [20]. The articles [21]- [25] analyzed the performance of a prototype single-cylinder MRE powered by a direct current (DC) power supply, for [26] is a V2 engine, in [27]- [29] is a two-cylinder MRE, for [30] is a four-cylinder MRE, in [31] is a V8 commercial engine, for [32] is a single-cylinder MRE powered by alternating current (AC) and in [33] is a double-cylinder MRE only using neodymium magnets. These analyses show static equations referring to the mechanical and magnetic part of the MRE; only [22], [24], [27], [30], [31] present experimental proof that reports efficiency superior of 21% and together with Hota et al [26] presents usage of ON-OFF type controllers.…”