Design and Implementation of a Monitoring System Using Optical Camera Communication for a Smart Factory

Abstract

Wireless technologies that are based on radio frequencies are currently widely used, with numerous applications around the world. However, they pose some disadvantages to human health. High frequencies can have potentially harmful effects on children, hospital patients, and even healthy people if the signal power exceeds the permitted standard. Conversely, the use of visible light for data transmission is a trend that presents new options, including optical wireless communication, optical camera communication, and visible light communication. This paper proposes a modulation scheme based on on-off keying in the time domain, which is applied to a monitoring system using optical camera communication. This scheme has various compatible supports for the global-shutter camera and rolling-shutter camera, which are popular commercially available cameras. Furthermore, this scheme facilitates a low-cost monitoring system. By using small light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and controlling the exposure time in a single camera, the camera, as a receiver, can simultaneously detect signals from up to 10 sensor devices in different positions at a maximum distance of up to 50 m, with a low error rate.

Opportunities and Challenges for Visible Light Communications in 6G

“…VLC has also been studied for optical backhauls applications as well as for precise local positioning. Many VLC implementations have been demonstrated using off-theshelf equipment, one such application is using commercial cameras to detect numerous users simultaneously [5]. Recently, novel applications of VLC in classrooms for student-teacher communications have been proposed, to enhance the students' learning capabilities and increase student-teacher interaction [6,20].…”

Continuous Status Monitoring of Industrial Valve Using OCC-Enabled Wireless Sensor Network

“…They have been successfully deployed in numerous applications, such as home or industrial automation, smart structures, and health monitoring. Wireless sensing devices can be integrated with IVs to transmit important information to remote monitors, including valve ID, temperature, and humidity [5]. Radio-frequency (RF)-based devices are currently used for IV monitoring.…”