Design and manufacture of a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) cryogel tri-leaflet heart valve prosthesis

Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Cryogels for Biomedical Applications

“…In this case, a separate heart valve stent is not necessary [100]. A prototype valve was designed and produced using PVA-C (shown in Fig.…”

“…Using a cyclic flow tester, opening and closing of the PVA-C heart valve prototype was successfully demonstrated. A beneficial property of this design and the choice of PVA-C as the valve material is that the heart valve can be compressed temporarily into a small size so that it can be inserted into the chest cavity through a keyhole incision, thus alleviating the need for open heart surgery [100].…”

“…12 PVA-C heart valve prototype constructed using the arc subtending two straight lines geometry that integrates into a single part the three leaflets, stent, and sewing ring. Reprinted from [100] with permission. Copyright (2004) Elsevier have direct blood contact, PVA-C would also have to be hemocompatible.…”

RETRACTED: Fabrication and mechanical characterization of a polyvinyl alcohol sponge for tissue engineering applications

“…In recent years, polyvinyl alcohol has been considered as a suitable material in biomedical, pharmaceutical and biomaterial areas, 1 including tissue mimicking, vascular cell culture, vascular implanting, 2 heart valves, 3 cartilage substitute, 4 contact lenses and corneal implants. [4][5][6] In fact, PVA is considered as the most attractive biomedical polymer, owing to a combination of qualities, such as biocompatibility, [7][8][9][10] hydrophobicity, 4,11,12 mechanical strength and flexibility, 4,6,[9][10][11]13 thermal stability, absence of toxicity 14 and relatively low cost.…”

Swelling control in thermo-responsive hydrogels based on 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl methacrylate by crosslinking and copolymerization with N-isopropylacrylamide

“…Thus, such stimuli-sensitive hydrogels have been intensively studied with respect to drug delivery 9,10 and other biomedical applications. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17] Recently, hydrogels based on oligo(ethylene glycol) side chains methacrylic monomers, [18][19][20][21][22] such as 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl methacrylate (MEO 2 MA), were highlighted as a successful alternative to poly(N-iPAAm)-based hydrogels because of the advantages of a controllable lower critical solution temperature, 23,24 high biocompatibility/ low cytotoxicity 25,26 and facile polymerization by both the free radical and the anionic polymerization mechanisms. 27 The previous investigations on MEO 2 MA-based hydrogels were mainly focused on controlling the thermo-responsive behavior for biomedical applications.…”