Design and modeling of finite and low-profile, ultra-wideband phased-array antennas

Riley, Norma; Riley, D.J.; Jin, Jian‐Ming

doi:10.1109/array.2010.5613324

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Previously several researchers have built rule-based expert systems to detect and classify abnormal heartbeat and arrhythmia events from ECG signals. Expert systems is a branch of artificial intelligence that makes extensive use of specialized knowledge to solve problems at a level equivalent to a human expert which can be represented by a set of rules [26]. Rules were inferred and obtained from cardiologists, fuzzy expert systems, and simple machine-learning approaches such as Decision Trees.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interpretable Rule Mining for Real-Time ECG Anomaly Detection in IoT Edge Sensors

Sivapalan

Nundy²,

James³

et al. 2023

IEEE Internet Things J.

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Electrocardiogram (ECG) analysis is widely used in the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. This paper proposes an explainable rule-mining strategy for prioritizing abnormal class detection in ECG data. The proposed method utilizes a biasedtrained Artificial Neural Network (ANN) with input features derived from an ECG beat sequence and formulates a set of rules at each node of an on-demand tree-like search algorithm. The rule base at each node is derived from a linear combination of the most impactful features identified using gradient analysis in an ANN. The final derived model is an explainable rule-based system that detects abnormal heartbeats based on statistical and morphological features from ECG. The model achieves the target sensitivity, and accuracy with a low run-time complexity through a comprehensive offline rule mining process and is trained using the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database. The system achieves an accuracy of 93% with only nine nodes and a test sensitivity of 90% and 80% respectively for VEB and SVEB beat types, when tested on previously unseen ECG data from the INCART database. The model performance and complexity can be easily adjusted based on the real-time resource constraints of a wearable sensor. The model was deployed on an ARM Cortex M4-based embedded device and is shown to achieve a > 50% reduction in sensor power consumption when only abnormal beats are wirelessly transmitted. i.e RF transmission is gated using the model output and transmission is disabled when the subject's ECG is normal. The proposed technique is highly suited for healthcare applications because of its explainability, lower complexity, and real-time flexibility when deployed in the Internet of Things (IoT) enabled wearable edge sensors.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interpretable Rule Mining for Real-Time ECG Anomaly Detection in IoT Edge Sensors

Sivapalan

Nundy²,

James³

et al. 2023

IEEE Internet Things J.

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“…Variations of tightly-coupled printed dipoles [8][9][10][11] have utilized a concept similar to Prof. Ben Munk's current sheet antenna (CSA) [12]. They offer substantial size, weight, and volume saving with superior bandwidth.…”

Section: Overview Of Wideband Esa Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Charateristics of decade-bandwidth, Balanced Antipodal Vivaldi Antenna (BAVA) phased arrays with time-delay beamformer systems

Elsallal

West

Wolf

et al. 2013

2013 IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array Systems and Technology

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The first part of this paper presents measured performance of the Balanced Antipodal Vivaldi Antenna (BAVA) with U-shaped metallic channels. This new BAVA array is dual polarized with decade bandwidth and wide scan volume. Its depth is half-wavelength at the highest frequency of operation. It can be constructed as modular individual BAVA elements or as a subarray with integrated transmitter / receiver (T/R) modules. This is a unique feature that reduces manufacturing complexity and the cost of field repair. The second part of this paper overviews performance of the BAVA array scanned at wide scan angles using AFRL's Transformational Element Level Array (TELA) Time-Delay Units between 2 GHz to 8 GHz and using fixed delay lines between 2 GHz to 18 GHz. The authors offer guidelines for minimum aperture size to realize decade bandwidth beam scan performance without beam squinting at the lower end of the frequency band.

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“…Antenna arrays covering two or more well-separated frequency bands (for example, X-and Ku-bands), with wide-angle scanning capabilities, can enable these systems to support different operational tasks in different bands and with the same aperture. A number of ultra-wideband antenna arrays have been proposed in the literature responding to such needs [5][6][7]. However, system demands would be better satisfied (e.g., in terms of vulnerability to external electromagnetic interferences) by multi-band antenna arrays with well separated operational sub-bands.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual-Band Wide-Angle Scanning Planar Phased Array in X/Ku-Bands

2014

IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat.

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A novel planar dual-band phased array, operational in the X/Ku-bands and with wide-angle scanning capability is presented. The design, development and experimental demonstration are described. A new single-layer crossed L-bar microstrip antenna is used for the array design. The antenna has low-profile architecture, measuring only 0.33λ × 0.33λ, at the low frequency band of operation, with flexible resonance tuning capability offered by the use of a plate-through-hole and fieldmatching ring arrangement. A 49-element planar (7 × 7) array demonstrator has been built and its performance validated, exhibiting good agreement with full-wave simulations. The dualband array supports a large frequency ratio of nearly 1.8:1, and also maintains good sub-band bandwidths. Wide-angle scanning up to a maximum of 60º and 50º are achieved at the low and high frequency bands of operation respectively.

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Design and modeling of finite and low-profile, ultra-wideband phased-array antennas

Cited by 14 publications

References 8 publications

Interpretable Rule Mining for Real-Time ECG Anomaly Detection in IoT Edge Sensors

Interpretable Rule Mining for Real-Time ECG Anomaly Detection in IoT Edge Sensors

Charateristics of decade-bandwidth, Balanced Antipodal Vivaldi Antenna (BAVA) phased arrays with time-delay beamformer systems

Dual-Band Wide-Angle Scanning Planar Phased Array in X/Ku-Bands

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