Design and operation of a small-scale carbonization kiln for cashew nutshell valorization in Burkina Faso

Plaza, Daniel; Artigas, Julia; Ábrego, Javier; Gonzalo, Alberto; Sánchez, José Luis; Dro, Augustin Diomandé; Richardson, Yohan

doi:10.1016/j.esd.2019.10.005

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Specifically, GO functionalized biochars at 600℃ achieved > 40% pollutant removal by the first 10 min of adsorption time for the majority of the investigated compounds. This was attributed to the additional and important surface C-based functional groups that GO provided to the integrated biochar samples, combined with its large surface area and porosity (Plaza et al 2019 ). An important observation concerning the SS biochar adsorption results in table water was the significant difficulty concerning the removal of 2.4D.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production and characterization of graphene oxide-engineered biochars and application for organic micro-pollutant adsorption from aqueous solutions

Regkouzas

Sygellou

Diamadopoulos

2023

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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In this study, conventional and Graphene Oxide-engineered biochars were produced and thoroughly characterized, in order to investigate their potential as adsorptive materials. Two types of biomass, Rice Husks (RH) and Sewage Sludge (SS), two Graphene Oxide (GO) doses, 0.1% and 1%, and two pyrolysis temperatures, 400 °C and 600 °C were investigated. The produced biochars were characterized in physicochemical terms and the effect of biomass, GO functionalization and pyrolysis temperature on biochar properties was studied. The produced samples were then applied as adsorbents for the removal of six organic micro-pollutants from water and treated secondary wastewater. Results showed that the main factors affecting biochar structure was biomass type and pyrolysis temperature, while GO functionalization caused significant changes on biochar surface by increasing the available C- and O- based functional groups. Biochars produced at 600 °C showed higher C content and Specific Surface Area, presenting more stable graphitic structure, compared to biochars produced at 400 °C. Micro-pollutant adsorption rates were in the range of 39.9%-98.3% and 9.4%-97.5% in table water and 28.3%-97.5% and 0.0%-97.5% in treated municipal wastewater, for the Rice Husk and Sewage Sludge biochars respectively. The best biochars, in terms of structural properties and adsorption efficiency were the GO-functionalized biochars, produced from Rice Husks at 600 °C, while the most difficult pollutant to remove was 2.4-Dichlorophenol.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production and characterization of graphene oxide-engineered biochars and application for organic micro-pollutant adsorption from aqueous solutions

Regkouzas

Sygellou

Diamadopoulos

2023

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…The first kilns were designed as oven, furnace, or heated enclosures for processing a substance by burning, firing, or drying [66] to maximize charcoal production and were extremely polluting [67,68]. The first portable metal kiln was designed by Whitehead, but the emissions were still high and without any control system [69].…”

Section: Mobile Biochar Pyrolysis Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Policy and Regulations for Mobile Biochar Production in the United States of America

Rodriguez Franco,

Page-Dumroese,

Pierson

et al. 2024

Forests

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Pyrolysis is a combustion process of woody biomass conducted under low or no oxygen conditions. It converts any kind of biomass into biochar, bio-oil, or biogas. Hence plants’ woody material can also be converted into bioenergy products. Valorization of woody biomass in the form of energy-rich compound biochar is a more sustainable technique as compared to conventional burning which leads to toxicity to the environment. Innovations and the need to limit open burning have resulted in numerous mobile and fixed plant pyrolysis methods that burn a variety of woody residues. Production technologies that reduce the need for open burning, the main source of potential pollutants, fall under the regulations in the Clean Air Act of 1990. This Act is the legal instrument to regulate air pollution at its source across the United States of America and it is implemented and enforced through the Environmental Protection Agency, in coordination with sister agencies. One newer innovation for reducing wood residues and emissions is an air curtain incinerator. Currently, the Clean Air Act regulates stationary solid waste incinerators, and this is also applied to mobile air curtain incinerators burning woody biomass. However, other woody biochar production methods (e.g., flame cap kilns) are not subjected to these regulations. Discrepancies in the interpretation of definitions related to incineration and pyrolysis and the myriad of differences related to stationary and mobile air curtain incinerators, type of waste wood from construction activities, forest residues, and other types of clean wood make the permit regulations confusing as permits can vary by jurisdiction. This review summarizes the current policies, regulations, and directives related to in-woods biochar production and the required permits.

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“…The first kilns were designed as an oven, furnace, or heated enclosure for processing a substance by burning, firing, or drying (Merriam-Webster, 2023) to maximize charcoal production and were extremely polluting (Brown et al, 2015;Plaza et al, 2019). The first portable metal kiln, which was designed by Whitehead, but the emissions were still high and without any control system (Whitehead, 1980).…”

Section: Mobile Biochar Pyrolysis Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mobile Biochar Production and the Clean Air Act of 1990

Rodriguez-Franco,

Page-Dumroese,

Pierson

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Pyrolysis is a combustion process of woody biomass conducted under low or no oxygen conditions. New innovations and the need to limit open burning has resulted in numerous mobile and fixed plant pyrolysis methods that burn a variety of woody residues. Production technologies that reduce the need for open burning, the main source of potential pollutants, fall under the regulations in the Clean Air Act of 1990. This Act is the legal instrument to regulate air pollution at its source across the United States of America and it is implemented and enforced through the Environmental Protection Agency, in coordination with sister agencies. One newer innovation for reducing woody residues and emissions is an air curtain incinerator. Currently, the Clean Air Act regulates stationary solid waste incinerators, and this is also applied to mobile air curtain incinerators burning woody biomass. However, other woody biochar production methods (e.g., flame cap kilns) are not subject to these regulations. Discrepancies in the interpretation of definitions related to incineration and pyrolysis and the myriad of differences related to stationary and mobile air curtain incinerators, type of waste wood from construction activities, forest residues, and other types of clean wood make the permitting regulations confusing as permits can vary by jurisdiction. This review summarizes the current policies, regulations, and directives related to in-woods biochar production and the required permits.

show abstract

Design and operation of a small-scale carbonization kiln for cashew nutshell valorization in Burkina Faso

Cited by 9 publications

References 26 publications

Production and characterization of graphene oxide-engineered biochars and application for organic micro-pollutant adsorption from aqueous solutions

Production and characterization of graphene oxide-engineered biochars and application for organic micro-pollutant adsorption from aqueous solutions

Policy and Regulations for Mobile Biochar Production in the United States of America

Mobile Biochar Production and the Clean Air Act of 1990

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