Design and operation of an outdoor microalgae test facility

Abstract

Harvested productivity of M. minutum MONOR2.

Energy Balance of Biogas Production from Microalgae: Development of an Energy and Mass Balance Model

“…It would thus appear that raceways should be as wide as practicable. The results thus support the recommendation from the US Energy Department study (34) of a length to width ratio of 11 to 1 for a raceway of ~1 hectare.…”

“…Reducing the depth to 0.15 m may also not be practicable due to problems in grading the raceway bed (34). In this scenario, the head loss around the raceway was estimated at 0.082 m, slightly greater than the maximum differential head recommended by a paddlewheel manufacturer and half the recommended maximum mean depth as suggested by Oswald (45).…”

Energy Balance of Biogas Production from Microalgae: Effect of Harvesting Method, Multiple Raceways, Scale of Plant and Combined Heat and Power Generation

“…A recent model has shown that dynamic control of depth (0.1-0.5 m) and HRT (2-20 days) to match local and seasonal climatic conditions increased productivity by 0.6%-9.9% while decreasing water demand by 10%-61% compared to the standard approach of constant depth and HRT [50]. Raceways appear to produce stable cultures at 2 to 3 days HRT [51], but "crashes" regularly occur at 4 days [52]. Zamalloa, Vulsteke, Albrecht and Verstraete [20] recommended a HRT of 2 days and increasing this above 4 days may not be practicable for operational reasons.…”

Systems and economic analysis of microalgae ponds for conversion of CO{sub 2} to biomass. Quarterly technical progress report, September 1993--December 1993

“…This program, supported many basic research projects, including isolation of a large number of algal strains and investigation of biochemical and genetic aspects of lipid production in microalgae (SERI 1983(SERI ,1984(SERI , 1987a(SERI ,b, 1989NREL 1992). Three outdoor algal production facilities were supported by the ASP, in Hawaii (Laws et al, 1983(Laws et al, ,1986(Laws et al, ,1988, California (Benemann et al, 1981(Benemann et al, ,1983 and New Mexico, where two 0.1 hectare ponds (one lined and one unlined) were operated for two years Tillett, 1989, 1992).…”