Design and Performance of a Permeable Reactive Barrier for Containment of Uranium, Arsenic, Selenium, Vanadium, Molybdenum, and Nitrate at Monticello, Utah

Morrison, Stan J.; Carpenter, C.; Metzler, Donald R.; Bartlett, Timothy R.; Morris, Sarah A.

doi:10.1016/b978-012513563-4/50017-7

Cited by 14 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The production of reduced U ore deposits is simply a special case of the general process of subsurface reduction of aqueous U: this effect could be expected to occur in other groundwater systems where U is being reduced. If this is revealed to be the case, then observations of U fractionation could serve as an indicator of U reduction not only for ore deposits, but also for remediation efforts such as in situ biostimulation (Anderson et al, 2003), or reducing walls (e.g., Morrison et al, 2002). Measurements of δ 238 U would provide a tool for assessing U reduction independent of complications such as sorption and dilution on August 20, 2015 geology.gsapubs.org Downloaded from effects, which inhibit accurate remediation assessments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Variations in 238U/235U in uranium ore deposits: Isotopic signatures of the U reduction process?

Bopp

Lundstrom

Johnson

et al. 2009

Geology

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The ability to measure 238 U/ 235 U to high precision presents an important new opportunity to study the fate and transport of uranium in the environment. The ratio of 238 U/ 235 U was determined by multicollector-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer in six uranium ore samples representing two different classes of deposits. Signifi cant offsets in 238 U/ 235 U are observed between uranium ores precipitated from groundwaters at low temperature versus hydrothermal deposits precipitated at high temperatures, reinforcing an observation made previously but lacking the needed precision. Specifi cally, tabular sandstone-type uranium deposits were found to be depleted in 235 U, with a total offset between low-temperature deposits and higher temperature deposits of ≈1.0‰. We attribute this offset to refl ect a temperature-dependent fractionation related to the nuclear fi eld shift effect during chemical reduction of uranium in ambient temperature groundwaters.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Variations in 238U/235U in uranium ore deposits: Isotopic signatures of the U reduction process?

Bopp

Lundstrom

Johnson

et al. 2009

Geology

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“…Our 222 Rn tracer test case was conducted at the site of the former uranium and vanadium ore‐processing mill located about 1 mile south of Monticello, Utah, previously described by Morrison et al (2002). At this site, uranium‐contaminated ground water in a shallow alluvial aquifer is intercepted by the 31.4‐m‐long PRB (Figure 2).…”

Section: Rn Tracer Case Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracer Method to Determine Residence Time in a Permeable Reactive Barrier

Bartlett¹,

Morrison

2009

Groundwater

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A method is presented to evaluate ground water residence time in a zero-valent iron (ZVI) permeable reactive barrier (PRB) using radon-222 ((222)Rn) as a radioactive tracer. Residence time is a useful indicator of PRB hydraulic performance, with application to estimating the volumetric rate of ground water flow through a PRB, identifying flow heterogeneity, and characterizing flow conditions over time as a PRB matures. The tracer method relies on monitoring the decay of naturally occurring aqueous (222)Rn as ground water flows through a PRB. Application of the method at a PRB site near Monticello, Utah, shows that after 8 years of operation, residence times in the ZVI range from 80 to 486 h and correlate well with chemical parameters (pH, Ca, SO(4), and Fe) that indicate the relative residence time. Residence times in this case study are determined directly from the first-order decay equation because we show no significant emanation of (222)Rn within the PRB and no measurable loss of (222)Rn other than by radioactive decay.

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“…Corrosion coatings were reported to be predominantly hematite [␣-Fe 2 O 3 ] and magnetite, both of which were also present in the unused iron, and minor aragonite and marcasite [FeS 2 ], neither of which was detected in the unused iron (Sass et al 1998). Calcite with compositions ranging from near end-member to 50 at.% Fe, and ferrihydrite [nominally 5Fe 2 O 3 •9H 2 O] were identifi ed as precipitates in a PRB at Durango, Colorado (Morrison et al 2002). Cores from Fe 0 PRBs that had operated for about four years at Elizabeth City, North Carolina (treating chlorinated hydrocarbons), and at the Denver Federal Center, Lakewood, Colorado (treating Cr 6+ and chlorinated hydrocarbons), were reported by Furukawa et al (2002) and Wilkin et al (2003) to contain ferrihydrite, lepidocrocite [␥-FeOOH], goethite, magnetite, hematite, aragonite, calcite, Fe monosulfi de, mackinawite, greigite, pyrite, carbonate green rust, Fe 2 CO 3 (OH) 2 and siderite.…”

Section: Previous Mineralogical Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineralogy of Permeable Reactive Barriers for the Attenuation of Subsurface Contaminants

Jambor¹,

Raudsepp

Mountjoy

2005

The Canadian Mineralogist

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Permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) are a relatively recent development of a passive system to remediate subsurface waters containing organic or inorganic contaminants. Groundwater fl ow under a natural gradient passes through a permeable curtain of treatment medium that either precipitates the contaminants as relatively insoluble compounds or transforms the contaminants into environmentally acceptable or benign species. The most widely adopted treatment medium is submillimetric zero-valent iron, a substance that is highly reactive, environmentally acceptable, and is readily available as a manufactured product derived from the recycling of scrap iron and steel. Organic compost wastes have also been used to ameliorate inorganic contaminants, and two case studies of the utilization of composts to reduce sulfate and precipitate metals are presented, primarily from a mineralogical perspective. In cores of the reacted treatment media, the most abundant secondary product formed in situ is Fe oxyhydroxide, but a variety of precipitates has been identifi ed. For example, secondary pyrite, greigite, and native nickel are present at a site at which replacement of organic material by sulfi des is common. At an industrial site, secondary pyrite, covellite, chalcopyrite, and bornite have formed in the treatment medium, and whereas replacement of organic material by Fe oxyhydroxides is widespread, replacement by sulfi des is rare. The secondary sulfi des and metals are volumetrically small and are unlikely to impede the permeability of the treatment medium, but the formation of Fe oxyhydroxides and secondary carbonates in the presence of zero-valent iron requires further monitoring to determine whether the secondary precipitates and the consumption of Fe 0 will appreciably lessen the effectiveness of such PRBs over the long term. Current indications are that PRBs are both an environmentally effective and a cost-effective technique of remediation.

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Design and Performance of a Permeable Reactive Barrier for Containment of Uranium, Arsenic, Selenium, Vanadium, Molybdenum, and Nitrate at Monticello, Utah

Cited by 14 publications

References 9 publications

Variations in 238U/235U in uranium ore deposits: Isotopic signatures of the U reduction process?

Variations in 238U/235U in uranium ore deposits: Isotopic signatures of the U reduction process?

Tracer Method to Determine Residence Time in a Permeable Reactive Barrier

Mineralogy of Permeable Reactive Barriers for the Attenuation of Subsurface Contaminants

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