Design and realization of a portable multichannel continuous wave fNIRS

Agrò, Diego; Canicattì, R; Pinto, M.; Tomasino, Alessandro; Adamo, Gabriele; Curcio, Luciano; Pernice, Riccardo; Giordano, Antonio; Parisi, Antonino; Stivala, Salvatore; Galioto, Natale; Giaconia, C.; Busacca, Alessandro

doi:10.1109/aeit.2014.7002013

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Through the development of fiberless and portable instruments, fNIRS opens new avenues for wearable brain imaging applications 3 – 10 In particular, wearable fNIRS devices may find application in brain–computer interfaces (BCI) for “out of the lab” applications, e.g., to trigger robotic devices for assistance or rehabilitation of neurological patients in the home environment, 11 , 12 for the communication of locked-in patients, 13 , 14 or for neuroergonomic investigations (i.e., investigating brain behavior in workplace environments) 7 , 15 . In comparison with other BCI technologies, fNIRS has the advantage of being small and inexpensive (e.g., compared to magnetic resonance imaging and magnetoencephalography), noninvasive (e.g., compared with electrocorticography), and robust to electrical noise (e.g., compared with electroencephalography).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Photodiodes are the most commonly used detector technology for wearable fNIRS instruments 1 because they operate at low voltages (∼3 V), are inexpensive components, and are small in size. In recent years, the use of silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) has been exploited for fNIRS applications 5 , 24 , 26 due to their high photosensitivity for a small component size and their relatively low cost. In our previous work, 24 we developed a first prototype of an SiPM-based fNIRS instrument demonstrating a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of more than 70 dB for SDS below 30 mm, as well as a high photosensitivity for small light intensities at larger SDS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wearable and modular functional near-infrared spectroscopy instrument with multidistance measurements at four wavelengths

et al. 2017

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With the aim of transitioning functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) technology from the laboratory environment to everyday applications, the field has seen a recent push toward the development of wearable/miniaturized, multiwavelength, multidistance, and modular instruments. However, it is challenging to unite all these requirements in a precision instrument with low noise, low drift, and fast sampling characteristics. We present the concept and development of a wearable fNIRS instrument that combines all these key features with the goal of reliably and accurately capturing brain hemodynamics. The proposed instrument consists of a modular network of miniaturized optode modules that include a four-wavelength light source and a highly sensitive silicon photomultiplier detector. Simultaneous measurements with short-separation (7.5 mm; containing predominantly extracerebral signals) and long-separation (20 mm or more; containing both extracerebral and cerebral information) channels are used with short-channel regression filtering methods to increase robustness of fNIRS measurements. Performance of the instrument was characterized with phantom measurements and further validated in human measurements, demonstrating the good raw signal quality (signal-to-noise ratio of 64 dB for short channels; robust measurements up to 50 mm; dynamic optical range larger than 160 dB), the valid estimation of concentration changes (oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin, and cytochrome-c-oxidase) in muscle and brain, and the detection of task-evoked brain activity. The results of our preliminary tests suggest that the presented fNIRS instrument outperforms existing instruments in many aspects and bears high potential for real-time single-trial fNIRS applications as required for wearable brain-computer interfaces.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wearable and modular functional near-infrared spectroscopy instrument with multidistance measurements at four wavelengths

et al. 2017

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“…Spotlight's improved sensor packing and performance can largely be attributed to SiPM's single photon sensitivity, fast timing response, low operation bias, and compactness, 44,45 combined with integrated optomechanical ferrule design. Spotlight adds to recent works in multichannel fNIRS systems based on FPC-integrated SiPMs [46][47][48][49] that altogether point to SiPM detectors as a clear direction for future works.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scalable, modular continuous wave functional near-infrared spectroscopy system (Spotlight)

Anaya,

Batra,

Bracewell

et al. 2023

J. Biomed. Opt.

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.SignificanceWe present a fiberless, portable, and modular continuous wave-functional near-infrared spectroscopy system, Spotlight, consisting of multiple palm-sized modules—each containing high-density light-emitting diode and silicon photomultiplier detector arrays embedded in a flexible membrane that facilitates optode coupling to scalp curvature.AimSpotlight’s goal is to be a more portable, accessible, and powerful functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) device for neuroscience and brain–computer interface (BCI) applications. We hope that the Spotlight designs we share here can spur more advances in fNIRS technology and better enable future non-invasive neuroscience and BCI research.ApproachWe report sensor characteristics in system validation on phantoms and motor cortical hemodynamic responses in a human finger-tapping experiment, where subjects wore custom 3D-printed caps with two sensor modules.ResultsThe task conditions can be decoded offline with a median accuracy of 69.6%, reaching 94.7% for the best subject, and at a comparable accuracy in real time for a subset of subjects. We quantified how well the custom caps fitted to each subject and observed that better fit leads to more observed task-dependent hemodynamic response and better decoding accuracy.ConclusionsThe advances presented here should serve to make fNIRS more accessible for BCI applications.

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Noise Reduction in Silicon Photomultipliers for Use in Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

Mazzillo

Mello

Barbarino

et al. 2017

IEEE Trans. Radiat. Plasma Med. Sci.

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Design and realization of a portable multichannel continuous wave fNIRS

Cited by 6 publications

References 19 publications

Wearable and modular functional near-infrared spectroscopy instrument with multidistance measurements at four wavelengths

Wearable and modular functional near-infrared spectroscopy instrument with multidistance measurements at four wavelengths

Scalable, modular continuous wave functional near-infrared spectroscopy system (Spotlight)

Noise Reduction in Silicon Photomultipliers for Use in Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

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