Design and simulation of waveguide electrooptic beam deflectors

Chiu, Yi; Burton, R.S.; Stancil, Daniel D.; Schlesinger, T. E.

doi:10.1109/50.469729

Cited by 28 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The active elements may operate based on electro-optic, thermo-optic, acousto-optic, or any other principle allowing light beam deflection. [13][14][15][16] The importance of MLA properties for the performance of devices, such as shown in Fig. 1, is quite obvious.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-dimensional microlens arrays in silica-on-silicon planar lightwave circuit technology

Glebov

Huang

Aoki

et al. 2003

J. Micro/Nanolith. MEMS MOEMS

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Two-dimensional (2-D) microlens arrays have been fabricated with silica-on-silicon planar lightwave circuit (PLC) technology. Several experimental techniques and computer simulation methods are applied to characterize properties of single and double microlens arrays, with one and two refracting surfaces, respectively. Systematic comparison of the measured and simulated beam propagation profiles enables optimization of the lens and module design resulting in higher input-output coupling efficiency. The insertion losses of the lens-slab-lens optical modules with 90-mm-long slab waveguides are measured to be 2.1 and 3.5 dB for the double and single lens modules, respectively. Comprehensive analysis reveals the major loss contributions. Excess losses of the modules caused by variations of the lens curvatures, material refractive indexes, light wavelength, etc., can be controlled within the acceptable limits. Further possibilities for the module loss reduction are discussed. Fairly weak wavelength dependence as well as overall stability of the module properties indicate that the microlens arrays are suitable for dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) photonic networks.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-dimensional microlens arrays in silica-on-silicon planar lightwave circuit technology

Glebov

Huang

Aoki

et al. 2003

J. Micro/Nanolith. MEMS MOEMS

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“…The output beam was collimated with another cylindrical gradient index rod lens with a focal length of 1. width ͑70 m͒ was used for its low divergence, resulting in a larger number of resolvable spots. 8 We have observed beam deflection in a thin-film thermooptic waveguide beam deflector. The initial test was conducted with the sample heated by a Peltier device from underneath instead of using the fabricated heating electrodes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…However, the major drawback of this method is the demand of very high driving voltages ͑Ͼ1000 V͒. 8 The thermo-optic beam effect in optical thin-film waveguides presents an attractive alternative for fabricating low power optical beam deflectors with large scanning angles. At present, polymers and silica are the most reliable optical waveguide materials for thermo-optic applications.…”

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confidence: 99%

An integrated thin-film thermo-optic waveguide beam deflector

Tang

Han

et al. 2000

Applied Physics Letters

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“…A diverse array of technical approaches have been directed toward this problem including: i) planar electro-optic prisms constructed from KTP, 10 Lithium Niobate, 10 ferroelectric domain LiTaO 3 , 7, 11 and electro-optic polymers, 12 , ii) thermo-optic planar prisms, 13 iii) diffractive liquid crystal phased arrays 5,8 , and iv) diffractive acousto-optic techniques 14 . Each of these approaches has advantages and drawbacks.…”

Section: The Enabling Innovationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analog, non-mechanical beam-steerer with 80 degree field of regard

et al. 2008

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Frames from an IR video showing a 1550 nm beam scanned across a parking lot (above a seated person). ABSTRACTWe are presenting a novel electro-optic architecture for non-mechanical laser beam steering with a demonstrated 80 degrees of steering in a chip-scale package. To our knowledge this is the largest angular coverage ever achieved by non-mechanical means. Even higher angular deflections are possible with our architecture both in the plane of the waveguide and out of the waveguide plane. In the present paper we describe the steering in the plane of the waveguide leaving the out-of-plane scanning mechanism to be detailed in a subsequent publication. In order to realize this performance we exploit an entirely new electro-optic architecture. Specifically, we utilize liquid crystals (LCs), which have the largest known electro-optic response, as an active cladding layer in an LC-waveguide geometry. This architecture exploits the benefits of liquid crystals (large tunable index), while circumventing historic LC limitations. LC-waveguides provide unprecedented macroscopic (>1 mm) electro-optic phase delays. When combined with patterned electrodes, this provides a truly analog, "Snell's-law-type" beam-steerer. With only two control electrodes we have realized an 80 degree field of view for 1550 nm light. Furthermore, the waveguide geometry keeps the light from ever coming into contact with an ITO electrode, thereby permitting high optical power transmission. Finally, the beamsteering devices have sub-millisecond response times.

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Design and simulation of waveguide electrooptic beam deflectors

Cited by 28 publications

References 3 publications

Two-dimensional microlens arrays in silica-on-silicon planar lightwave circuit technology

Two-dimensional microlens arrays in silica-on-silicon planar lightwave circuit technology

An integrated thin-film thermo-optic waveguide beam deflector

Analog, non-mechanical beam-steerer with 80 degree field of regard

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