Design and testing of a horizontal rock bed for high temperature thermal energy storage

Soprani, Stefano; Marongiu, Fabrizio; Christensen, Ludvig; Alm, Ole; Petersen, K.; Ulrich, Thomas; Engelbrecht, Kurt

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.113345

Cited by 57 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Al-Azawii et al noticed a performance increase with the flowrate on a similar geometry prototype, explained by lower heat losses during charging and discharging time [19]. Soprani et al built a lab-scale (450 kWh Th , 27 kW Th ) horizontal rock bed system [20]. They presented the horizontal configuration as promising for upscaling the packed bed TES for two reasons: a cheaper and less complex design and a significant reduction in the excavation cost for integrating the rock bed into the ground.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and numerical analysis of a packed-bed thermal energy storage system designed to recover high temperature waste heat: an industrial scale up

Touzo

Olivès

Dejean³

et al. 2020

Journal of Energy Storage

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An industrial-scale air-ceramic horizontal packed-bed thermal energy storage (Eco-Stock®) has been designed and built by Eco-Tech Ceram and tested during an experimental campaign of 500h. The goal is to provide experimental data and analysis of a horizontal and containerized packed bed TES at high temperature, with performance indicators specific to waste heat recovery. A single charge-discharge at 525°C and 3 cycles at 500°C were carried out (300 kW Th for charge, 350 kW Th for discharge). The unit was able to store up to 1.9 MWh Th in a TES system (1.7 × 1.7 × 3.08 m 3 ) composed by 16-ton of bauxite ceramic media. The packed bed was able to valorize up to 90% of the heat source, which demonstrates the system ability to recover waste heat up to 525°C at industrial scale. No channeling effect and moderate radial thermal gradient were detected, even though the tank had a horizontal geometry. The plug and play TES presents a non-negligible part of its energy stored in the insulant, which can be recovered during discharge. To take into account such phenomenon, a one-dimension 3 temperature model is proposed. The model fitted well with experimental results, with a root mean standard deviation of the model below 20°C for the temperature profiles.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and numerical analysis of a packed-bed thermal energy storage system designed to recover high temperature waste heat: an industrial scale up

Touzo

Olivès

Dejean³

et al. 2020

Journal of Energy Storage

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“…When temperature was increased, the rock mineral constituents were subjected to thermal expansion and/or contraction. e thermal expansion was substantially anisotropic and can been amplified by the mineralogical heterogeneity of the rock and then induced expansion inequalities [26,31,69,92]. e differential expansion phenomena cause a stress concentration at the grain boundaries and thus cracking.…”

Section: Variation Of the Ermal Expansion Coefficient As A Function Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is similar when the heating rate is high [25]. In the same year, Soprani et al [26] investigated a combination of bottom steam cycles with high temperature thermal energy storage systems as potential cost-effective alternatives to traditional large-scale energy storage technologies. After thermal treatment, they demonstrated using different rock bed configurations that a storage capacity of 450 kWh enabled to have 600°C at certain positions [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and Theoretical Investigations of Hard Rocks at High Temperature: Applications in Civil Engineering

Leroy

Marius

Nicolas

2021

Advances in Civil Engineering

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This review paper aims to survey and discuss recent theoretical and experimental works reporting the temperature effects on the mechanical properties of rocks like granite, gabbro, gneiss, marble, sandstone, basalt, limestone, and argillite to permit the new challenge in this domain. The effect of high temperatures on various mechanical and physical material properties (Young’s modulus, porosity, tensile and compressive strengths, P-wave velocity, permeability, thermal damage, and expansion) is analyzed. This work shows that hard rock mechanical and physical properties evolutions are strongly related to the evolution of the microstructure caused by the geological history, cracks nucleation occurrences, recrystallization, dehydroxylation, and dehydration reactions. However, it should be emphasized that these studies were not conducted on all types of intrusions and all rocks types. Meanwhile, it has been noticed that variations in temperature could lead to contradictory phenomena. Therefore, different trends were observed for the evolution of physical properties of rocks. There is an increase in porosity approximately 80% above 500°C. In general, for volcanic’s rock, the loss mass and thermal conductivity were drastically observed at low temperatures around 200°C with an antinomic phenomenon. Sandstone, granite, and argillite present the model whose behaviors with thermal load are too much explored accordingly with experiments compared with other rocks. Argillite at 200°C and sandstone and granite at 400°C undergo seriously damage. There is 100°C gap between the results obtained in real-time and those obtained after cooling. Moreover, 300°C can be considered as the critical temperature for real-time temperature heat treatment at which rocks lose almost about 80% of their performance. Otherwise, it is not easy to predict the behavior at high temperature of volcanic rocks like basalt and metamorphic rocks like gneiss which present the complexity in their behavior. For plutonic and metamorphic rocks, 600°C is the critical thermal load. At this temperature, the modulus of elasticity as well as the compressive strength of the most explored rock shows a significant decrease of about 75% for hard rocks. In sum, high temperature damages significantly the mechanical performance of rock. It is the reason for which these results may be useful to characterize the damage and thus predict the dramatic consequences of large temperature fluctuations on engineering structures in the rock.

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“…However, a fluid, usually air or oil, is needed to work as the heat transfer fluid (HTF) to transport the thermal energy that is to be stored into or released from the solid heat storage system. As listed in Table 2, the most frequently used solid heat storage materials include rock, concrete, brick, sand and so on [14][15][16].…”

Section: Solid Heat Storagementioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Energy Storage for Solar Energy Utilization: Fundamentals and Applications

Wang¹,

Qin²,

Tong³

et al. 2020

Renewable Energy - Resources, Challenges and Applications

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Solar energy increases its popularity in many fields, from buildings, food productions to power plants and other industries, due to the clean and renewable properties. To eliminate its intermittence feature, thermal energy storage is vital for efficient and stable operation of solar energy utilization systems. It is an effective way of decoupling the energy demand and generation, while plays an important role on smoothing their fluctuations. In this chapter, various types of thermal energy storage technologies are summarized and compared, including the latest studies on the thermal energy storage materials and heat transfer enhancements. Then, the most up-to-date developments and applications of various thermal energy storage options in solar energy systems are summarized, with an emphasis on the material selections, system integrations, operational characteristics, performance assessments and technological comparisons. The emerging and future trends are finally outlined. This chapter will be a useful resource for relevant researchers, engineers, policy-makers, technology users, and engineering students in the field.

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Design and testing of a horizontal rock bed for high temperature thermal energy storage

Cited by 57 publications

References 46 publications

Experimental and numerical analysis of a packed-bed thermal energy storage system designed to recover high temperature waste heat: an industrial scale up

Experimental and numerical analysis of a packed-bed thermal energy storage system designed to recover high temperature waste heat: an industrial scale up

Experimental and Theoretical Investigations of Hard Rocks at High Temperature: Applications in Civil Engineering

Thermal Energy Storage for Solar Energy Utilization: Fundamentals and Applications

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