Design and throughput simulations of a hard x-ray split and delay line for the MID station at the European XFEL

Lu, Wei; Noll, T.; Roth, Thomas; Agapov, Ilya; Geloni, Gianluca; Holler, Mirko; Hallmann, Jörg; Ansaldi, Gabriele; Eisebitt, Stefan; Madsen, Anders

doi:10.1063/1.4952833

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…A split-and-delay line (SDL) [107,108] will also be installed in the OH and will give the possibility of modifying the time-structure of the beam. Normally, the European XFEL delivers ultrashort (~1-100 fs) pulses of photons every 220 ns (4.5 MHz), but with the SDL under construction for MID it is possible to reduce this spacing to any value from~10 fs to 800 ps [109]. This enables particular experiments requiring such an X-ray pulse pattern, e.g., speckle visibility techniques [110,111] for ultrafast dynamics or X-ray pump X-ray probe, possibly in combination with an optical fs laser pump [112].…”

Section: Mid Instrumentation and Capabilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photon Beam Transport and Scientific Instruments at the European XFEL

et al. 2017

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Featured Application: This article describes the layout of the European XFEL, a soft and hard X-ray free-electron laser user facility starting operation in 2017. Emphasis is put on the photon beam systems, scientific applications and the instrumentation of the scientific instruments of the European XFEL.Abstract: European XFEL is a free-electron laser (FEL) user facility providing soft and hard X-ray FEL radiation to initially six scientific instruments. Starting user operation in fall 2017 European XFEL will provide new research opportunities to users from science domains as diverse as physics, chemistry, geo-and planetary sciences, materials sciences or biology. The unique feature of European XFEL is the provision of high average brilliance in the soft and hard X-ray regime, combined with the pulse properties of FEL radiation of extreme peak intensities, femtosecond pulse duration and high degree of coherence. The high average brilliance is achieved through acceleration of up to 27,000 electron bunches per second by the super-conducting electron accelerator. Enabling the usage of this high average brilliance in user experiments is one of the major instrumentation drivers for European XFEL. The radiation generated by three FEL sources is distributed via long beam transport systems to the experiment hall where the scientific instruments are located side-by-side. The X-ray beam transport systems have been optimized to maintain the unique features of the FEL radiation which will be monitored using build-in photon diagnostics. The six scientific instruments are optimized for specific applications using soft or hard X-ray techniques and include integrated lasers, dedicated sample environment, large area high frame rate detector(s) and computing systems capable of processing large quantities of data.

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Section: Mid Instrumentation and Capabilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photon Beam Transport and Scientific Instruments at the European XFEL

et al. 2017

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“…This is caused by the spectral randomness that the SASE process generates and also known from our previous work. 18 For experiments that require constant intensity ratios between pulses, this issue can be solved by using intensity monitors in the branches and filtering the data before analysis, selecting only equal or almost equal intensity pairs.…”

Section: Output Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, in order to access dynamics below 770 ps in the time domain, a SDL unit is required for the MID station. 18,19 In this article, we report on the concept and mechanical design of the SDL under development. The device is optimized to operate in a photon energy range from 5 to 10 keV and provides pairs of jitter-free X-ray pulses with a variable time delay ranging from −10 ps to 800 ps.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a hard X-ray split-and-delay line and performance simulations for two-color pump-probe experiments at the European XFEL

Friedrich

Noll

et al. 2018

Review of Scientific Instruments

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A hard X-ray Split-and-Delay Line (SDL) under construction for the Materials Imaging and Dynamics station at the European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser (XFEL) is presented. This device aims at providing pairs of X-ray pulses with a variable time delay ranging from -10 ps to 800 ps in a photon energy range from 5 to 10 keV for photon correlation and X-ray pump-probe experiments. A custom designed mechanical motion system including active feedback control ensures that the high demands for stability and accuracy can be met and the design goals achieved. Using special radiation configurations of the European XFEL's SASE-2 undulator (SASE: Self-Amplified Spontaneous Emission), two-color hard x-ray pump-probe schemes with varying photon energy separations have been proposed. Simulations indicate that more than 10 photons on the sample per pulse-pair and up to about 10% photon energy separation can be achieved in the hard X-ray region using the SDL.

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“…[27][28][29] This pioneering work paved the way to the further development and construction of split-anddelay devices at SACLA 30,31 and LCLS. 32,33 Recently, a split-anddelay system has been employed in measurements of nanosecondequilibrium-structural dynamics of a colloidal liquid, marking the first demonstration of ultrafast XPCS. 20 In this work, we make use of low coherence light interferometry and high-precision penta-prisms to pre-align a hard X-ray split-and-delay unit and characterize the optical path length differences between two split beams.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%