Design and validation of an observational instrument to assess the technical execution in top-rope climbing

Abstract

Hernández-Hernández, E., Caballero-Blanco, P., Gómez-Rodríguez, A., & Morenas-Martín, J. (2014). Design and validation of an observational instrument to assess the technical execution in top-rope climbing. J. Hum. Sport Exerc., 9(1), pp.111-123. The aim of this study was to design and validate an observational instrument to assess the technical execution in top-rope climbing. This observational instrument allows researchers to assess the progression of climbers in relation to the achievement of key aspects of climbing movements. Firstly, a review of the specialized literature was performed to establish a set of criteria for observation. Secondly, content validation was carried out through the agreement and consensus method among ten expert judges at the qualitative level (degree of understanding, appropriateness of wording, relevance of questions, etc.), and quantitative level (global assessment on a scale from 0 to 10). Thirdly, this instrument was applied to a sample of seven climbers on an indoor climbing wall. Reliability was calculated through the application of the test-retest method. The results indicated that the instrument has optimal levels of reliability and validity for evaluating the technical execution of beginning climbers. The instrument can be considered as a useful tool which could be applied by instructors and teachers for discriminating the learning stage in beginning climbers.

Construction of Validity and Reliability of an Observational Instrument to Assess the Technical Execution in Lead Climbing

“…To our better understanding, we acknowledge that there are different types of instrument validation, like content validity, face validity, construct validity, and so forth [42]. Validity is explained by [29] as the degree or the extent to which a test measures what is presumed to measure. In this study, content validity was tested through the agreement and consensus means among seven expert judges.…”

“…Technical execution focuses on the extremities of the body's limbs, including the arms and legs, using the key aspects of the movement with stages during the climb [28]. Recently a similar study was conducted on the form of instruments assessing the technical execution with top-roping [29]. Results showed that instruments designed present optimal levels of reliability and validity even though some experts suggested removing three aspects of them, namely the displacement of the hips, interaction segments between hands and feet, and the crossed force application.…”

Design and Validation of a Scale Measuring Attitudes toward Refugee Children

“…These features should be part of the attitude measurement process. "Attitudes are not susceptible to direct observation but must be inferred from verbal expressions or observed behavior" [16]. "This indirect measurement is carried out using some scales starting from a series of affirmations, propositions, or judgments on which individuals express their opinion; based on this information, we deduce or infer attitudes" [17].…”

“…With this validation, we attempted to create an instrument that is valid, reliable, functional, effective, and understandable. The validation of data collection instruments, their importance, and necessity has been the object of study of many investigations [24][25][26].…”

Estructura temporal i gestual del kinbol

“…Segons la investigació duta a terme per Aguilera et al (2013), aquesta disciplina esportiva s'assembla a esports com el voleibol, el bàdminton o el tennis de taula on és possible trobar similituds en l'estructura temporal o també per la successió d'intervals d'acció i pausa (Palao, Santos, & Ureña, 2004;Pradas et al, 2010).També, entre voleibol i kinbol hi ha diverses similituds molt particulars d'aquest tipus d'esports, on qualsevol jugada o acció acaba amb la consecució per part d'algun dels equips participants d'un punt, sigui per encert o fallada de l'equip contrari o l'alta concentració de jugadors dins un mateix espai de joc, la qual cosa obliga a tenir una correcta coordinació per part dels participants perquè les funcions del joc s'executin adequadament (García-Tormo, Redondo, Valladares, & Morante, 2006;Hernández-Hernández & Palao, 2013). En definitiva, l'objectiu últim d'aquests dos esports és el mateix, evitar la caiguda de la pilota en la nostra possessió i enviar-la a l'equip contrari amb les màximes dificultats possibles per a la seva recepció.…”