Design Considerations for Ultrasonic Flowmeters

Farrall, William R.

doi:10.1109/iret-me.1959.5007963

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…The earliest application of the Doppler effect in biomedicine ~7 a s for the estimation of flow velocity by measurement of the transit time difference of signals travelling up-stream and down-stream. Instruments were developed by Baldes et al (1957) and Farrall (1959) from the original design of Kalmus (1954), but neither was satisfactory on account of the extremely small time difference which it was necessary to measure. However, Satomura (1957) demonstrated that a reflection system could be used with continuous-wave ultrasound to obtain Doppler-shifted signals from the heart; the method was soon extended to the study of blood flow (Satomura and Kaneko 1961).…”

Section: Continuous-wave Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The medical applications of ultrasonics

Wells

1970

Rep. Prog. Phys.

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2. Fundamental physics . 3. Transducers . 3.1. Transducer materials . 3.2. Transducer design . 4.1. Beam formation . 4.2. Methods of measurement . 5.1. Propagation velocity . . 5.2. Characteristic impedance . 5.3. Absorption . 6.1. Early investigations . 6.2. Thermal effects . 6.3. Mechanical effects . 6.4. Other investigations . 7. Surgical applications . 7.1. Neurosurgery . 7.2. Vestibular surgery . 8. Therapeutic applications . 8.1. Physiotherapy . 8.2. Production of aerosols . 9. Diagnostic applications . 9.1. Pulse-echo techniques . 9.2. Continuous-wave techniques . Appendix: glossary of biomedical terms . References . 4. The ultrasonic field . 5. Acoustic properties of biological tissues . 6. Interactions of ultrasonic waves with biological tissues

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Section: Continuous-wave Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%