Design for Excellence in Electronics Manufacturing

Creating 3D Objects with Integrated Electronics via Multiphoton Fabrication In Vitro and In Vivo

“…Future optimization of the printing process in an application-/technology-specific fashion will enable the integration of plastic electronics solutions (such as organic thin film transistors and memristors that would allow recording of the action potentials as well as stimulation), printed antennas and batteries for powering and data transmission, which may enable continuous monitoring and modulation. [1] Field stimulation experiments focusing on a single polymer electrode and its operational environment were simulated using an electromagnetic field solver in ANSYS Electronics Desktop 2020 R2 using Maxwell 3D with electrical transient solution type (see Figure 4). Here, the tissue was simplified to be a homogeneous material with a conductivity of 0.33 S m −1 , which is similar to that of mouse brain tissue.…”

“…are typically mass-produced in a layer-bylayer approach. [1] The manufacture of 3D objects with integrated electronics has become an area of intense research interest with a view to the development of flexible electronics. [3,7,11,20,21,22] There are a number of U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved medical devices capable of electrical stimulation within the body, including cardiac pacemakers, bionic eyes, bionic ears, and electrodes for deep brain stimulation; all of which are designed for long-term implantation (via a technically challenging surgical procedure).…”

“…have revolutionized our lives with the ubiquity of electronic devices in our daily lives and underpin the economic success of countries across the world. [ 1 ] Electronic technologies employ conductors/semiconductors to fulfill specific roles within manufactured devices, and for a variety of reasons organic conductors and semiconductors (e.g., derivatives of carbon nanotubes, graphene, conjugated polymers, etc.) are playing an increasingly important role in these devices (e.g., in flexible/printable electronics, electronic interfaces for the body, etc.).…”

Mg/Zn metal‐air primary batteries using silk fibroin‐ionic liquid polymer electrolytes

“…In silico mutagenicity screening studies using Derek Nexus and Sarah Nexus (Sarah Nexus: 3.0.0, Sarah Model: 2.0) indicate both [Ch] + and [NO 3 ] − are non-mutagenic. With a view to the end of life of the batteries, there are dietary sources of both species ([Ch] + [NO 3 ] − ) in human/mammalian diets, [121][122][123][124] Mg/Zn are earth abundant, and silk is a biodegradable protein, [8] consequently we expect these would be safe (within reasonable limits) for environmental/medical applications.…”

“…[7] Consequently, the development of electronics employing a circular economy perspective is important, involving: natural/materials scientists/engineers involved in the design and manufacture of electronics, and people involved in the primary/secondary/tertiary/quaternary/quinary industry sectors. [8][9][10][11] While there are initiatives to develop products within a circular economy, reusing items where possible, reducing the amounts of waste produced, and recycling waste streams across the world, the world's complex geopolitics make e-waste a global challenge.…”