Design of a Beam Switching/Steering Butler Matrix for Phased Array System

Chang, Chia-Chan; Lee, Ruey-Hsuan; Shih, Ting‐Yen

doi:10.1109/tap.2009.2037693

Cited by 174 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The deviations between the calculated phases and desired ones for each output port are 0°, 26°, −1°, 1°, 13°, 21°, 29°, and 29°, respectively. In general, the deviation below ±30° in the Butler matrix does not significantly affect the performance of the array antenna [12]. The configuration of the transition part to connect to the stripline-type Butler matrix with the microstrip patch antenna array is illustrated in Figure 7.…”

Section: Design Of Antenna Array Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the various beam-steering techniques, switched beam networks have been highlighted because of the advantages of low cost, simple implementation, and low power consumption. The Butler matrix is one of the switched beam networks and is especially popular due to its simpler structure and wider bandwidth [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dual-Circularly Polarized 60 GHz Beam-Steerable Antenna Array with 8 × 8 Butler Matrix

2020

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A beam-steerable dual-circularly polarized 60 GHz antenna array is proposed. A 1 × 4 dual-fed stacked patch antenna array is integrated with an 8 × 8 Butler matrix. By utilizing the 8 × 8 Butler matrix, the proposed antenna array generates dual-circular polarization with beam-steering capability. The proposed antenna array system demonstrates good reflection coefficients in the frequency band ranging from 55.3 GHz to 64.9 GHz and has a mutual coupling of less than −10 dB over the frequency range of 57.5 GHz–63.2 GHz. At 60 GHz, the maximum gains and beam-steering angles for input ports 2, 4, 5, and 7 are 9.39 dBi at −38°, 10.67 dBi at −11°, 10.63 dBi at +11°, and 9.38 dBi at +39°, respectively. It is also demonstrated that the dual-polarization is well formed by switching the excitation ports. The right-handed circular polarization (RHCP) is formed when four ports from port 1 to port 4 are excited and left-handed circular polarization (LHCP) is formed when four ports from port 5 to port 8 are excited. The proposed antenna array system could be a good candidate for millimeter-wave 5G applications that require wide beam coverage and polarization diversity.

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Section: Design Of Antenna Array Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual-Circularly Polarized 60 GHz Beam-Steerable Antenna Array with 8 × 8 Butler Matrix

2020

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“…In this study, a 2-D phased array antenna system was developed and realized to dynamically form desired beam patterns by combining switched-beam and beam-steering techniques. Although the beam-switching/steering functionality with the tunable Butler matrix has been implemented in a 1-D phased array antenna system [Chia-Chan et al, 2010], still no subarray modules of has been reported yet in a 2-D phased array antenna system. The approach combining the switched-beam and beam-steering techniques in a 1-D phased array system with wide-angle scanning performance [Ding et al, 2013] was presented; particularly, a genetic algorithm is employed to lower the level of sidelobes.…”

Section: Principle Of the 2-d Phased Array Antenna Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A solution for Butler matrix with wideband performance and compact circuit size was presented in Chia-Chan et al [2010]. Although the proposed phased array antenna system is very compact in Chia- Chan et al [2010], it is not suitable for 2-D phased array antenna system because of much complicated design.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining the switched-beam and beam-steering capabilities in a 2-D phased array antenna system

2016

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This paper presents the development, fabrication, and measurement of a novel beam‐forming system consisting of 16 subarray antennas, each containing four aperture‐coupled patch antennas, and the application of this system in smart wireless communication systems. The beam patterns of each of the subarray antennas can be switched toward one of nine zones over a half space by adjusting the specific phase delay angles among the four antenna elements. Furthermore, when all subarrays are pointed at the same zone, slightly continuous beam steering in around 1° increments can be achieved by dynamically altering the progressive phase delay angle among the subarrays. Phase angle calibration was implemented by coupling each transmitter output and down converter into the in‐phase/quadrature baseband to calculate the correction factor to the weight. In addition, to validate the proposed concepts and the fabricated 2‐D phased array antenna system, this study measured the far‐field radiation patterns of the aperture‐coupled patch array integrated with feeding networks and a phase‐calibration system to carefully verify its spatially switched‐beam and beam‐steering characteristics at a center frequency of 2.4 GHz which can cover the industrial, scientific, and medical band and some long‐term evolution applications. In addition, measured results were compared with calculated results, and agreement between them was observed.

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“…In (3G-Americas, 2009; 2010) one can find various propositions for 4G systems that combine MIMO techniques and fixed beamforming (using BM) into a single structure. Generally, BM still attracts the interest of researchers (Chia-Chan et al, 2010;Peng et al, 2009). Therefore, the 3G case is followed by a discussion of how the switched-beam approach using BM could be useful in the context of next generation systems.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%