Design of a Graphene-Enabled Dual-Mode Kerr Frequency Comb

Integrated optoelectronics with two-dimensional materials

“…As a result, the 2D materials could be used as gain media for lasing development [113]. Second, the saturable absorption properties of 2D materials make them suitable for developing on-chip Q-switching or mode-switching lasers [114,115]. Moreover, with the enhanced light-matter interaction on a chip, 2D-material lasers could have low thresholds and large waveguide-coupled powers [116].…”

“…The authors explained that the phenomenon is attributed to the variation of the graphene's Fermi level that results in the dispersion change of the hybrid micro-resonator. In 2022, Chen et al [115] theoretically studied a dual-mode Kerr frequency comb based on a graphene-on-silicon microring resonator, as shown in Figure 3D. By carefully designing the graphene nanoribbons on the multi-mode silicon waveguide, TE 0 -mode and TE 1 -mode Kerr frequency combs could be selectively activated via modulating the Fermi level of the graphene nanoribbons, which is expected to provide a key technique for developing advanced multiplexing light sources for optical communications and interconnects.…”

“…(C) Optical image of the graphene-on-silicon nitride waveguide for the four-wave mixing generation[120]. (D) Schematic of the graphene-enabled dual-mode Kerr frequency comb generation[115].…”

Kerr Microcombs in Integrated Waveguide Ring Resonators enabled by Graphene Nonlinearity

“…Additionally, in graphene-comprising (GC) waveguides, we gain access to extra degrees of freedom, namely the high nonlinearity from the 2D material and the EOC over both its linear and nonlinear properties, albeit in a coupled manner. The recent literature touching upon the generation of Kerr OFCs in usch EOC-PIC-GC-WRR devices is relatively limited: B. Yao et al present so-far the only experimentally measured Kerr comb in a PIC-GC-WRR [26], where EOC is used to tune the dispersion of the cavity and thus the output OFC; theoretical and numerical works [27]- [29] present designs and analyses of EOC-PIC-GC-WRR. We note, however, that none of above works rigorously considers graphene's own nonlinearity, much less its spectral dispersion.…”

Mode-Independent Optical Switch Based on Graphene-Polymer Hybrid Waveguides

“…At present, optical switches have been developed based on different material platforms, such as silicon-on-insulator, silica and a polymer platform [14][15][16][17]. Graphene combined Photonics 2023, 10, 1372 2 of 8 with a polymer waveguide has provided a new platform for optical interconnection applications and attracted great attention in recent years [18][19][20][21][22][23]. Due to its excellent optical and electrical properties, graphene is a potential competitive candidate for the development of optoelectronic devices, such as optical modulators [15], optical switches [24][25][26], and phase array antenna [27].…”