Angiogenesis is the formation of new capillaries from preexisting vasculature.

The power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells can be enhanced by using Ba2+-doped perovskite films.

A digital image copyright protection scheme based on visual cryptography ͑VC͒ and singular value decomposition ͑SVD͒ techniques is proposed. In the proposed scheme, a master share is first constructed by applying SVD to a host image. Then, the master share is used together with a secret image to construct an ownership share, according to a two-out-of-two VC scheme. The secret image for ownership identification can be revealed by stacking the master share, and the ownership share. The proposed scheme embeds the secret image without modifying the host image. In addition, the hidden secret image can be extracted without resorting to the original host image and the aid of computers. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme, compared with existing schemes, achieves stronger robustness against several common attacks.

This study was undertaken to evaluate the therapeutic effects of topical chlorogenic acid on excision wounds in Wistar rats. A 1 % (w/w) chlorogenic acid or silver sulfadiazine ointment was applied topically once a day for 15 days on full-thickness excision wounds created on rats. The 1 % (w/w) chlorogenic acid ointment had potent wound healing capacity as evident from the wound contraction on the 15th post-surgery day, which was similar to that produced by 1 % (w/w) silver sulfadiazine ointment. Increased rates of epithelialization were observed in the treated rats. It also improved cellular proliferation, increased tumor necrosis factor-α levels during the inflammatory phase (12 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h post-wounding) of wound healing, upregulated transforming growth factor-β1 and elevated collagen IV synthesis in the chlorogenic acid-treated group. The results also indicated that chlorogenic acid possesses potent antioxidant activity by increasing superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione, and decreasing lipid peroxidation. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that topical application of chlorogenic acid can accelerate the process of excision wound healing by its ability to increase collagen synthesis through upregulation of key players such as tumor necrosis factor-α and transforming growth factor-β1 in different phases of wound healing as well as by its antioxidant potential.

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