Design of a Horizontal Penetrometer for Measuring On‑the‑Go Soil Resistance

Topakçı, Mehmet; Ünal, İ̇lker; Çanakcı, Murad; Çelik, H. Kürşat; Karayel, Davut

doi:10.3390/s101009337

Cited by 29 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Cone penetrometers are recommended in the American Society of Agricultural Engineers (ASAE) Standards as a standard method for measuring the penetrometer resistance PR of soils [ 14 ]. They are extensively used to evaluate soil strength especially in agriculture for resistance to root penetration [ 15 ], soil trafficability and soil compaction [ 16 , 17 ], but also for hydrogeomorphological surveying to identify depth of boundaries between layers [ 7 ]. In our case it should indicate dense layers to detect the lakebed surface and the shallow sub-bottom strata in combination with the sediment echosounder.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptation of Soil Physical Measurement Techniques for the Delineation of Mud and Lakebed Sediments at Neusiedler See

Kogelbauer

Heine

D'Amboise

et al. 2013

Sensors

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For many water management issues of shallow lakes with non-consolidated sediments hydrographic surveys of the open water area and reed belt areas are required. In the frame of water management strategy for the steppe lake Neusiedler See, located between Austria and Hungary, a hydrographic survey was conducted. In the open water area (water depth ≥1 m) a sediment echosounder was used. To validate these measurements and to distinguish between water, mud, and sediment layers in the shallow lake and reed belt area additional measurements were needed. As no common standard methods are available yet, we developed a measurement system based on two commonly applied soil physical measurement techniques providing reproducible physical values: a capacitive sensor and a cone penetrometer combined with GNSS-positioning enable dynamic measurements of georeferenced vertical water-mud-bedsediments profiles. The system bases on site-specific calibrated sensors and allows instantaneous, in situ measurements. The measurements manifest a sharp water-mud interface by a sudden decline to smaller water content which is a function of the dielectric permittivity. A second decline indicates the transition to compacted mud. That is concurrently the density where the penetrometer starts registering significant penetration resistance. The penetrometer detects shallow lakebed-sediment layers. Within the lake survey this measurement system was successfully tested.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptation of Soil Physical Measurement Techniques for the Delineation of Mud and Lakebed Sediments at Neusiedler See

Kogelbauer

Heine

D'Amboise

et al. 2013

Sensors

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“…Moreover, it provides a uniquely assembled robust system. Several researchers (Chung et al, 2003(Chung et al, , 2004a(Chung et al, , 2004b(Chung et al, , 2005Chung and Sudduth, 2003a, 2003bChukwu and Bowers, 2005;Topakci et al, 2010) focused on this approach and developed prototypes. Chung et al (2003) reported that although prototype sensors have been capable of providing on-the-go soil compaction data, they are all still in the development stages.…”

Section: Soil Compaction and Hard-panmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and development of a front mounted on-the-go soil strength profile sensor

Tekin¹,

Yalçın²

2019

Turk J Agric For

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Introduction Over the last few decades, the philosophy known as smart agriculture has aimed at the management of heterogeneity in agricultural production to improve farm profitability and productivity, and to decrease negative pressure on the environment, as well as to comply with agronomic requirements and related technologies, which have been considered to be a new revolution in the agricultural domain. Due to the recent application developments in agricultural technology, which are available on the Internet, Tekin (2016) called this approach Agriculture 4.0. Agriculture 4.0 assists farmers by creating detailed records of the entire farm operation along with providing information on sensors, vehicles, etc. It is an information and communication technologies application that allows data to be automatically generated and recorded, as well as allowing for the coordination of vehicles and hardware in order to manage the heterogeneity. Moreover, it assists farm managers with the optimization of agricultural production by reducing inputs and increasing the profit. It also allows farmers to certify that the entire production process is correct in order to declare to their customers that the products were produced in a sustainable manner. The implementation of smart agriculture or Agriculture 4.0 applies inputs at the right volume, at the right time, at the right location, and with the right method. During this new revolution, the first attempts were focused on soil and yield mapping to quantify and understand the variability. Then experts began to study fertility based on the reports from previous researchers. Soil mapping operations were conducted by collecting soil samples from predefined locations using a mapbased approach and the soil samples were then sent to a laboratory for analyses. All of this caused a decrease in the profit for the farmer. Latter activities dealt with sensorbased applications due to several constraints such as data collection cost and rising labor demands from the mapbased applications. Therefore, experts have been focused on the portable sensing of the soil structure. Based on the data measured from these sensors, the next step was the implementation of variable-rate technology by altering the input volume.

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“…The RS-232 serial communication protocol was used for two-way communication between the GPS receiver and the robot computer using the serial data cable of the GPS receiver. The GPS receiver installation data were sent to set up the GPS receiver via the server software [25].…”

Section: Remote Control Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of a Remote-controlled and GPS-guided Autonomous Robot for Precision Farming

Ünal

Topakçı

2015

Int. j. adv. robot. syst.

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Determining variations in fields is important for precision farming applications. Precision farming is used to determine, analyse, and manage factors such as temporal and spatial variability to obtain maximum profit, sustainability, and environmental protection. However, precision farming is excessively dependent on soil and plant test processes. Furthermore, test processes are time-consuming, laborious and expensive. These processes also cannot be performed quickly by humans. For these reasons, autonomous robots should be designed and developed for the detection of field variations and variable-rate applications. In this study, a remote-controlled and GPS-guided autonomous robot was designed and developed, which can be controlled via the 3G internet and is suitable for imageprocessing applications. The joystick is used to manually remotely control the robot movements in any direction or speed. Real-time video transmission to the remote computer can be accomplished with a camera placed on the vehicle. Navigation software was developed for steering the robot autonomously. In the results of the field test for the navigation software, it was found that the linear target point precision ranged from 10 to 12 cm and the distributed target point precision ranged from 15 to 17 cm.

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Design of a Horizontal Penetrometer for Measuring On‑the‑Go Soil Resistance

Cited by 29 publications

References 11 publications

Adaptation of Soil Physical Measurement Techniques for the Delineation of Mud and Lakebed Sediments at Neusiedler See

Adaptation of Soil Physical Measurement Techniques for the Delineation of Mud and Lakebed Sediments at Neusiedler See

Design and development of a front mounted on-the-go soil strength profile sensor

Design of a Remote-controlled and GPS-guided Autonomous Robot for Precision Farming

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