Design of a Novel Zig-Zag 192+192 Row Column Addressed Array Transducer: A Simulation Study

Schou, Mikkel; Havreland, Andreas Spandet; Engholm, Mathias; Stuart, Matthias Bo; Thomsen, Erik Vilain; Jensen, Jørgen Arendt

doi:10.1109/ultsym.2018.8579941

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Adding more elements to the probe can also increase resolution and thereby reduce acquisition time, as more bubbles can be separated. Early investigations have been made for a 192 + 192 RC array and showed an increased resolution proportional to the F-number and wavelength [44]. Such arrays can directly be used on modern ultrasound consoles with few modifications in the beamforming.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Dimensional Super-Resolution Imaging Using a Row–Column Array

Jensen

Tomov

Ommen

et al. 2020

IEEE Trans. Ultrason., Ferroelect., Freq. Contr.

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A 3-D super resolution (SR) pipeline based on data from a Row-Column (RC) array is presented. The 3 MHz RC array contains 62 rows and 62 columns with a half wavelength pitch. A Synthetic Aperture (SA) pulse inversion sequence with 32 positive and 32 negative row emissions are used for acquiring volumetric data using the SARUS research ultrasound scanner. Data received on the 62 columns are beamformed on a GPU for a maximum volume rate of 156 Hz, when the pulse repetition frequency is 10 kHz. Simulated and 3-D printed point and flow micro-phantoms are used for investigating the approach. The flow micro-phantom contains a 100 µm radius tube injected with the contrast agent SonoVue. The 3-D processing pipeline uses the volumetric envelope data to find the bubble's positions from their interpolated maximum signal and yields a high resolution in all three coordinates. For the point micro-phantom the standard deviation on the position is (20.7, 19.8 , 9.1) µm (x, y, z). The precision estimated for the flow phantom is below 23 µm in all three coordinates, making it possible to locate structures on the order of a capillary in all three dimensions. The RC imaging sequence's point spread function has a size of 0.58 × 1.05 × 0.31 mm 3 (1.17λ ×2.12λ ×0.63λ), so the possible volume resolution is 28,900 times smaller than for SA RC B-mode imaging.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Dimensional Super-Resolution Imaging Using a Row–Column Array

Jensen

Tomov

Ommen

et al. 2020

IEEE Trans. Ultrason., Ferroelect., Freq. Contr.

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“…The pull-in voltage is designed to be at 220 V. The row and column design for this chip has a zig-zag pattern (illustrated in Fig. 1) to increase the active area of cells for a fixed plate thickness with a factor two compared with a typical straight row-column design [9].…”

Section: Design and Fabrication A Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

188+188 Row–Column Addressed CMUT Transducer for Super Resolution Imaging

Grass

Havreland

Engholm

et al. 2019

2019 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS)

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A capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT), 8 MHz resonance frequency, λ/2 cell pitch 188+188 row-column addressed (RCA) array for super resolution imaging is presented. The top-and bottom electrode design features a zigzag shaped pattern to increase the active cell area for fixed plate thicknesses. The RCA CMUT has been fabricated utilising a deposit, remove, etch, multistep (DREM) process to fully separate the bottom electrodes electrically as well as anodic bonding the array to an insulating borosilicate glass wafer. Linear test elements have been characterized. Electrical measurements show a center frequency of approximately 5.5 MHz and a coupling coefficient of 7.8% for-80 V DC bias and 50 mV AC. Acoustic measurements made in immersion with a single cycle 4 MHz pulse with a-90 V DC bias demonstrate that the fabricated CMUT arrays can emit broadband ultrasound pulses.

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“…The interwoven structure is visualized to the right. The red lines symbolize the assumed acoustic center of the column elements, the green likewise for the rows (from [55]).…”

Section: A B-mode Performance Of Row-column Arraysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomic and Functional Imaging Using Row–Column Arrays

Jensen

Schou

Jorgensen

et al. 2022

IEEE Trans. Ultrason., Ferroelect., Freq. Contr.

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Row-column (RC) arrays have the potential to yield full three-dimensional ultrasound imaging with a greatly reduced number of elements compared to fully populated arrays. They, however, have several challenges due to their special geometry. This review paper summarizes the current literature for RC imaging and demonstrate that full anatomic and functional imaging can attain a high quality using synthetic aperture (SA) sequences and modified delay-and-sum beamforming. Resolution can approach the diffraction limit with an isotropic resolution of half a wavelength with low side-lobe levels, and the field-ofview can be expanded by using convex or lensed RC probes. GPU beamforming allows for 3 orthogonal planes to be beamformed at 30 Hz, providing near real time imaging ideal for positioning the probe and improving the operator's workflow. Functional imaging is also attainable using transverse oscillation and dedicated SA sequence for tensor velocity imaging for revealing the full 3-D velocity vector as a function of spatial position and time for both blood velocity and tissue motion estimation. Using RC arrays with commercial contrast agents can reveal super resolution imaging with isotropic resolution below 20 µm. RC arrays can, thus, yield full 3-D imaging at high resolution, contrast, and volumetric rates for both anatomic and functional imaging with the same number of receive channels as current commercial 1-D arrays.

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Design of a Novel Zig-Zag 192+192 Row Column Addressed Array Transducer: A Simulation Study

Cited by 4 publications

References 11 publications

Three-Dimensional Super-Resolution Imaging Using a Row–Column Array

Three-Dimensional Super-Resolution Imaging Using a Row–Column Array

188+188 Row–Column Addressed CMUT Transducer for Super Resolution Imaging

Anatomic and Functional Imaging Using Row–Column Arrays

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